ASTM D4402/D4402M-15

Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of asphalts at handling, mixing, or application temperatures.  
5.2 Some asphalts may exhibit non-Newtonian behavior under the conditions of this test method, or at temperatures within the range of this test method. Since non-Newtonian viscosity values are not absolute properties, but reflect the behavior of the fluid within the particular measurement system, it should be recognized that measurements made by this test method may not always predict field performance under the conditions of use.  
5.3 Comparisons between non-Newtonian viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar conditions of temperature, shear rate, and shear history.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for measuring the apparent viscosity of asphalt from 38 to 260°C [100 to 500°F] using a rotational viscometer and a temperature-controlled thermal chamber for maintaining the test temperature.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 10.6 for specific precautionary information.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
• Drafting Committee: D08.03 - Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up Roofing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4402/D4402M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated
1
Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4402/D4402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the ratio of shear stress to shear
rate for a Newtonian or non-Newtonian liquid.
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for measuring the
3.1.2 filled asphalt, n—an asphalt blend that contains finely
apparent viscosity of asphalt from 38 to 260°C [100 to 500°F]
dispersed insoluble mineral matter.
using a rotational viscometer and a temperature-controlled
thermal chamber for maintaining the test temperature.
3.1.3 Newtonian liquid, n—a liquid for which the rate of
shear is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
of the shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
liquid. The viscosity of a Newtonian liquid is therefore not
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
dependent on its shear rate. If the ratio is not constant, the
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
liquid is non-Newtonian. Many liquids exhibit both Newtonian
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
and non-Newtonian behavior, depending on the shear rate or
with the standard.
temperature, or both.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 shear rate, n—the measure of the speed at which the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
intermediate layers of the liquid move with respect to each
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
-1
other. Its unit of measure is the reciprocal second (sec ).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 10.6 for
3.1.5 shear stress, n—the force per unit area required to
specific precautionary information.
produce the shearing action. Its SI unit of measurement is the
2
pascal, and its cgs unit of measurement is dynes/cm .
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 viscosity, n—the ratio between the applied shear stress
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: and the rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther- coefficient is a measure of the resistance to flow of the liquid.
mometers The SI unit of viscosity is the pascal second (Pa·s). The
E1137 SpecificationforIndustrialPlatinumResistanceTher- centimetre gram second (cgs) unit of viscosity is the poise
2
mometers (dyne·s/cm ) and is equivalent to 0.1 Pa·s. Frequently, centi-
E2975 Test Method for Calibration of Concentric Cylinder poise (cP)—equal to one millipascal second (mPa·s)—is used
Rotational Viscometers
as the viscosity unit.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3. Terminology
3.2.1 apparatus-measuring geometry, n—the part of the
3.1 Definitions: equipment that is immersed in the asphalt sample, the dimen-
sions of which are used, in conjunction with the rotational
resisting torque, to calculate the apparent viscosity. This
1
geometry may be referred to by the equipment manufacturer as
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 on
a spindle, bob, inner concentric cylinder, vane, and so forth.
Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up
Roofing.
4. Summary of Test Method
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally
4.1 Arotational viscometer, as described in this test method,
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4402/D4402M – 13.
DOI: 10.1520/D4402_D4402M-15.
is used to measure the apparent viscosity of asphalt at elevated
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
temperatures. The torque on the apparatus-measuring
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
geometry, rotating in a thermostatically controlled sample
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. holder containing a sample of asphalt, is used to measure the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4402/D4402M − 13 D4402/D4402M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated
1
Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4402/D4402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for measuring the apparent viscosity of asphalt from 38 to 260°C [100 to 500°F] using
a rotational viscometer and a temperature-controlled thermal chamber for maintaining the test temperature.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See 10.6 for specific precautionary information.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
E1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2975 Test Method for Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate for a Newtonian or non-Newtonian liquid.
3.1.2 filled asphalt, n—an asphalt blend that contains finely dispersed insoluble mineral matter.
3.1.3 Newtonian liquid, n—a liquid for which the rate of shear is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio of the
shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the liquid. The viscosity of a Newtonian liquid is therefore not dependent
on its shear rate. If the ratio is not constant, the liquid is non-Newtonian. Many liquids exhibit both Newtonian and non-Newtonian
behavior, depending on the shear rate or temperature, or both.
3.1.4 shear rate, n—the measure of the speed at which the intermediate layers of the liquid move with respect to each other.
-1
Its unit of measure is the reciprocal second (sec ).
3.1.5 shear stress, n—the force per unit area required to produce the shearing action. Its SI unit of measurement is the pascal,
2
and its cgs unit of measurement is dynes/cm .
3.1.6 viscosity, n—the ratio between the applied shear stress and the rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This
coefficient is a measure of the resistance to flow of the liquid. The SI unit of viscosity is the pascal second (Pa·s). The centimetre
2
gram second (cgs) unit of viscosity is the poise (dyne·s/cm ) and is equivalent to 0.1 Pa·s. Frequently, centipoise (cP)—equal to
one millipascal second (mPa·s)—is used as the viscosity unit.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 on Surfacing
and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up Roofing.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013May 1, 2015. Published July 2013May 2015. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
D4402 – 12.D4402/D4402M – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D4402_D4402M-13.10.1520/D4402_D4402M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4402/D4402M − 15
3.2.1 apparatus-measuring geometry, n—the part of the equipment that is immersed in the asphalt sample, the dimensions of
which are used, in conjunction with the rotational resisting torque, to calculate the apparent viscosity. This geometry may be
referred to by the equipment manufacturer as a spindle, bob, i
...