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ASTM D1860-95(2000)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Moisture and Creosote-Type Preservative in Wood (Withdrawn 2006)

Standard Test Method for Moisture and Creosote-Type Preservative in Wood (Withdrawn 2006)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the moisture content in wood and is an alternative procedure for the oven drying method given in Sections 124 to 127 of Methods D143. Its use is required when the wood contains volatile oils or oil preservative. The test method also covers the determination of the quantity of creosote or creosote-base preservative in treated wood.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the moisture content in wood and is an alternative procedure for the oven drying method given in Sections 124 to 127 of Methods D 143. Its use is required when the wood contains volatile oils or oil preservative. The test method also covers the determination of the quantity of creosote or creosote-base preservative in treated wood.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D07 on Wood, this test method was withdrawn without replacement in July 2006.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
09-Jan-2000
Withdrawal Date
12-Jul-2006
ICS
79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
Technical Committee
D07 - Wood
Drafting Committee
D07.06 - Treatments for Wood Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D1860-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Moisture and Creosote-Type Preservative in Wood (Withdrawn 2006)ASTM D1860-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Moisture and Creosote-Type Preservative in Wood (Withdrawn 2006)
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ASTM D1860-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Moisture and Creosote-Type Preservative in Wood (Withdrawn 2006)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1860–95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Moisture and Creosote-Type Preservative in Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mois- 4.1 The moisture content of wood is a criteria for treatabil-
ture content in wood and is an alternative procedure for the ity.
oven drying method given in Sections 124 to 127 of Methods 4.2 Thepreservativecontentoftreatedmaterialisameasure
D 143. Its use is required when the wood contains volatile oils of preservative penetration in new stock or permanence of the
or oil preservative. The test method also covers the determi- preservative during the service life of the wood.
nation of the quantity of creosote or creosote-base preservative
5. Apparatus
in treated wood.
5.1 Extraction Flask—A 500-mL flask and thimble holder
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the as shown in Fig. 1. The flask and holder may be combined in
one unit.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.2 Condenser—A water-cooled condenser of the cold-
finger type illustrated in Fig. 1 or of the straight-tube, Liebig
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
type.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Water Trap—A glass tube, preferably having an inside
2.1 ASTM Standards: diameter of 9.0 to 10.0 mm and sealed at one end as shown in
D 143 Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Tim- Fig. 1. If a trap with a stopcock is used, the stopcock shall be
ber securely held in place by means of a wire. The graduated
D 841 Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene portionofthetubeshallhaveacapacityof10mL.Thesmallest
D 846 Specification for Ten-degree Xylene graduation should be not greater than 0.1 mL, with the major
2.2 Other Standard: divisions marked 1 to 10. The water trap should be chemically
AWPA A6 Method for the Determination of Oil-Type Pre- clean so that the shape of the meniscus at the end of the test is
servatives and Water in Wood the same as at the beginning.
NOTE 1—The trap may be coated with a silicone resin to give a uniform
3. Summary of Test Method
meniscus. To coat the trap, first clean it with sulfuric acidchromic acid
3.1 A weighed sample is extracted by refluxing in toluene,
mixture. Rinse the clean trap with a silicone resin and, after draining for
xylene, or a mixed toluene-xylene solvent. Water separates
a few minutes, bake for1hat approximately 200°C.
from the condensed vapors in a water trap, forming a separate
5.4 Extraction Cup—Either a siphon cup of suitable size or
layer with the solvent, and the volume is measured in the water
a basket made of approximately 45-mesh, stainless steel gauze
trap.
and having the approximate dimensions of 42 mm (1 ⁄16 in.) in
3.2 The completely extracted wood sample is weighed. The
outside diameter and 127 mm (5 in.) in length. The siphon cup
preservative content is determined from the total loss of weight
is recommended for borings from heavily treated piling. When
less the water content.
a siphon cup is used, the loss of wood particles should be
prevented either by placing a conical screen at the bottom of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on Wood the siphon cup or by putting the chips or borings in a wire
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for Wood
gauze basket which is then placed inside the siphon cup.
Products.
5.5 Weighing Bottle—The weighing bottle shall have a
Current edition approved July 15, 1995. Published September 1995. Originally
e1
ground-glass stopper and be of sufficient size to contain the
published as D 1860 – 61 T. Last previous edition D 1860 – 87 (1994) .
This method is substantially the same as the American Wood-Preservers’ Assn.
wire extraction cup or siphon cup described in 5.4.
Method for the Determination of Water and Oil-Type Preservatives in Wood
5.6 Rod—A rod of approximately 3-mm ( ⁄8-in.) diameter
(A6-93). Acknowledgment is made to the American Wood-Preservers’ Association
made of some material to which water does not adhere such as
for its development of the subject matter covered in this standard.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10. tetrafluoroethylene.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
Available fromAmerican Wood-Preservers’Association, P.O. Box 286, Wood-
stock, MD 21163-0286. Dow-Corning 1107 silicone resin has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1860
adhering to the walls of the condenser or to the walls of the
water trap to the water layer in the trap. Read and record the
volume of water in the trap to the nearest 0.01 mL. This
procedure may be dispensed with if at the start of the
determination the flask, water trap, and inner walls of the
condenser are carefully dried and dry solvent is used for the
extraction.
7.2 Before using the increment borer to take a sample for
moisture or preservative determination, calibrate the borer.
Take 20 borings from material of like species. Measure each
boring at its midpoint to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), once
in the transverse grain direction and once in the longitudinal
grain direc
...

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ASTM D2555-17a(2024)e1(Practice)
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ABSTRACT
This practice presents the two standard methods for determining the strength values of clear wood of different species in the unseasoned condition, unadjusted for end use, applicable to the establishment of working stresses for different solid wood products such as lumber, laminated wood, plywood, and round timbers. Method A provides for the use of the results of surveys of wood density involving extensive sampling of forest trees, in combination with the data obtained from standard strength tests. The average strength properties are obtained from wood density survey data through linear regression equations establishing the relation of specific gravity to the several strength properties. Method B, on the other hand, provides for the establishment of tables of strength values based on standard tests of small clear specimens in the unseasoned condition for use when data from density surveys are not available. Separate tables are employed to present the data on woods grown in the United States and on woods grown in Canada. Guidelines for the interpretation of the data in terms of assigned values, information basic to the translation of the clear wood values into working stresses, presently available data with appropriate provisions for their application and use, and methods for estimating some useful mechanical properties by relating them to other properties are presented herein as well.
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1.1 This practice covers the determination of strength values for clear wood of different species in the unseasoned condition, unadjusted for end use, applicable to the establishment of design values for different solid wood products such as lumber, laminated wood, plywood, and round timbers. Presented are:  
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Tension Parallel to Grain  
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17  
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Specific Gravity and Shrinkage in Volume  
19  
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21  
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22  
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23  
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SCOPE
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4.1 Computer simulation is known to be a very powerful analytical tool for both practitioners and researchers in the area of wood products and their applications in structural engineering. Complex structural systems can be analyzed by computer with the computer generating the system components, given the probability distribution of each component. Frequently the components are single boards for which a compatible set of strength and stiffness properties are needed. However, the entire structural simulation process is dependent upon the adequacy of the standard uniform number generator required to generate random observations from prescribed probability distribution functions.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density and specific gravity are cornerstone terms that help define many useful properties of wood and wood-based materials. These terms designate concepts that have distinct definitions though they relate to the same characteristic (mass in a unit volume). Generally, in the US and Canada, density of wood is measured in terms of specific gravity, or relative density. In the wood-based composites industry and internationally the term density is often preferred.  
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5.3 It is often desirable to know the density or specific gravity of a living tree, a structural member already in place, a log cross section, a segment of a research element, or the earlywood or latewood layer. Therefore, it is possible that specimens will be large or small, regular or irregular in shape, and at a variety of moisture contents. These test methods give procedures that include all of these variables and provides for calculation of density and specific gr...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the density and specific gravity (relative density) of wood and wood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The test method title is indicative of the procedures used or the specific area of use.    
Section  
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8  
Test Method B—Volume by Water Immersion  
9  
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10  
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11  
Test Method E—Increment Core  
12  
Test Method F—Chips  
13  
Test Method G—Full-Size Members  
14  
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ASTM D3200-74(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification and Test Method for Establishing Recommended Design Stresses for Round Timber Construction Poles

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the physical characteristics of round timber construction poles to be used either treated or untreated.  
1.2 This test method covers basic principles for establishing recommended design stress values for round timber construction poles that are applicable to the quality described.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the working qualities and characteristics of different species of wood and of different wood-based panel materials under a variety of machine operations such as are encountered in commercial manufacturing practice. The tests provide a systematic basis for comparing the behavior of different products with respect to woodworking machine operations and of evaluating their potential suitability for certain uses where these properties are of prime importance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing, routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of which are common wood-working operations used in the manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different degrees, to two general classes of materials:  
1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber, and  
1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood and wood-base fiber and particle panels.  
1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the variables that affect the results of this operation are explored with a view to determining optimum conditions. In most of the other tests, however, it is necessary to limit the work to one set of fairly typical commercial conditions in which all the different woods are treated alike.  
1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.  
1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of progressive developments in the evaluation of machining properties, further improvements are anticipated. For example, by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is evaluated by visual inspection, but as new mechanical or physical techniques become available that will afford improved precision of evaluation, they should be employed.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off