ASTM D3920-02(2007)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Strontium in Water
Standard Test Method for Strontium in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Although most potable supplies contain little strontium, some well waters in the midwestern part of the United States have levels as high as 39 mg/L.3
This test method affords a reliable means of accurately determining strontium and correcting calcium results obtained by the methods cited in 6.2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable strontium in water and wastewater by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
1.2 The test method is applicable in the range from 0.1 to 1 mg/L of strontium. The range may be extended by dilution of the original sample.
1.3 Round-robin data were obtained in natural and reagent water matrices. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.4 and 8.9.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: D3920 − 02(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Strontium in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3920; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in September 2007.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved 3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
and total recoverable strontium in water and wastewater by method, refer to Terminology D1129.
atomic absorption spectroscopy.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The test method is applicable in the range from 0.1 to 1 3.2.1 total recoverable strontium, n—an arbitrary analytical
mg/L of strontium. The range may be extended by dilution of termrelatingtotheformsofstrontiumthataredeterminableby
the original sample. the digestion procedure described in this test method.
3.2.2 laboratory control sample, n—a solution with a certi-
1.3 Round-robin data were obtained in natural and reagent
fied concentration of the strontium.
water matrices. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the
validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Strontium is determined by atomic absorption spectro-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
photometry.Thesampleisaspiratedintoanair-acetyleneflame
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
following the addition of lanthanum chloride/potassium chlo-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ride solution. Samples containing particulate matter that may
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
clogtheaspiratorcapillaryorburner,thusproducinginaccurate
tionary statements are given in 8.4 and 8.9.
results, are filtered through a 0.45-µm membrane filter prior to
2. Referenced Documents testing.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water 5.1 Although most potable supplies contain little strontium,
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of some well waters in the midwestern part of the United States
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water have levels as high as 39 mg/L.
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
5.2 This test method affords a reliable means of accurately
D4691 Practice for Measuring Elements in Water by Flame
determining strontium and correcting calcium results obtained
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
by the methods cited in 6.2.
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
6. Interferences
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
6.1 Chemical interference caused by silicon, aluminum, and
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
phosphate is controlled by adding lanthanum chloride. Potas-
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
sium chloride is added to suppress the ionization of strontium.
NOTE1—Anitrousoxide-acetyleneflamehasbeenusedsuccessfullyby
some to remove chemical interferences.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
6.2 Strontium chemically resembles calcium and causes a
in Water.
positive error in gravimetric and titrimetric methods for cal-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3920 – 02. DOI:
cium determination.
10.1520/D3920–02R07E01
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th Ed.
the ASTM website. DOI: 10.1520/D3920-02R07E01. American Public Health Assn., Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3920 − 02 (2007)
7. Apparatus 8.9 Fuel—Standard, commercially available acetylene is the
usual fuel.Acetone, always present in acetylene cylinders, can
7.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for use at 460.7
be prevented from entering the burner system by replacing the
nm. A general guide for the use of flame atomic absorption
cylinder when the pressure reaches 490 kPa (70 psig).
applications is given in Practice D4691.
(Warning—Purified grade acetylene containing a special pro-
NOTE 2—The manufacturer’s instructions should be followed for
prietary solvent other than acetone should not be used with
setting instrumental parameters.
poly (vinyl chloride) tubing as weakening of the walls may
7.2 Strontium Hollow-Cathode Lamp.
result and cause a potentially hazardous situation.)
8. Reagents and Materials
9. Sampling
8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
9.1 Collect the samples in accordance with instructions in
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Practices D3370. The holding time for the samples may be
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
calculated in accordance with Practice D4841.
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
9.2 To preserve the samples add concentrated HNO (sp gr
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be 3
1.42) to a pH of 2 or less immediately at the time of collection;
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
normally about 2 mL/Lis required. If only dissolved strontium
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
is to be determined, filter the samples at time of collection
accuracy of the determination.
through a 0.45-µm membrane filter before acidification.
8.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanreagentwaterconforming
10. Standardization
to Specification D1193, Type I, II, and III water. Type I is
10.1 Prepare a blank and at least four working standards to
preferred and more commonly used. Other reagent water types
may be used provided it is first ascertained that the water is of bracket the expected strontium concentration range of the
samples to be analyzed by diluting the standard strontium
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without adversely
affecting the precision and bias of the test method. Type II solution (8.6) to the desired concentrations. Select concentra-
tions that will give a zero, middle, and maximum points for the
water was specified at the time of round robin testing of this
test method. analytical curve.
10.2 Pipette 10.0 mL of each standard into a 50-mL beaker
NOTE 3—The user must ensure the type of reagent water chosen is
sufficiently free of interferences. The water should be analyzed using the
or flask and add 1.0 mL of lanthanum chloride/potassium
test method.
chloride solution. Mix well by swirling.
8.3 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)—Concentrated hydro-
10.3 To test the suitability of reagents used in the analysis,
chloric acid (HCl).
zerotheinstrumentwhileaspiratingreagentwater.Aspiratethe
8.4 Lanthanum Chloride/Potassium Chloride Solution—
zero standard and record the response. If the zero standard
Dissolve 11.73 g of lanthanum oxide (La O ) in a minimum produces a response sufficient to affect the detection limit or
2 3
amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid (approximately 50
accuracy, or both, of the test method, the contaminated reagent
mL.).Add 1.91 g of potassium chloride (KCl).Allow solution should be identified and replaced with a grade of suitable
to cool to room temperature and dilute to 100 mL with water.
quality before proceeding.
(Warning—Add acid slowly and in small portion to control
10.4 Aspirate the blank (zero standard) and adjust the
the reaction rate upon mixing.)
instrument reading to zero. Aspirate standards and record the
8.5
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