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ASTM D1740-96

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine Fuels

Standard Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine Fuels

SCOPE
1.1 This test method² covers the measurement of the flame radiation characteristics of aviation turbine fuels and other similar distillate fuels expressed in terms of luminometer numbers. There is good correlation between smoke point (Test Method D 1322) and luminometer number which is presented in Appendix XI.²  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2 and Annex A1.1.
Note 1 - It is the intent of Subcommittee J to ballot to withdraw this test method when due for reapproval in 2006, because of very limited and declining use to determine compliance with aviation turbine fuel specifications.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1740-01 - Standard Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 2006)
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3701-17 - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001

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ASTM D1740-96 - Standard Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine FuelsASTM D1740-96 - Standard Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine Fuels
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ASTM D1740-96 - Standard Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine Fuels
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:D1740–96
Standard Test Method for
1
Luminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 2108 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b.
1. Scope obtaining a curve of flame radiation, as measured by an optical
2 filter and photo cell unit against the temperature rise across the
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the flame
burner measured by a thermocouple placed just above the
radiation characteristics of aviation turbine fuels and other
flame.This temperature rise is compared with that obtained on
similar distillate fuels expressed in terms of luminometer
a pair of reference fuels at a constant radiation level.To ensure
numbers. There is good correlation between smoke point (Test
that the constant rating level is the same in all units, it is
Method D1322) and luminometer number which is presented
2
defined as the smoke point of tetralin. Luminometer number is
in Appendix X1.
calculated from the difference in temperature rise between the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test fuel and the temperature rise for tetralin divided by the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
difference in temperature rise for isooctane and tetralin.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
5.1 This test method provides an indication of the relative
precautionarystatements,see7.1,7.2,8.1,8.2andAnnexA1.1.
radiation emitted by the combustion products of gas turbine
2. Referenced Documents fuels from a diffusion flame. The radiation level, expressed as
luminometer number, is related to the hydrocarbon type com-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
position of such fuels.Ahigh luminometer number indicates a
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Aviation Turbine
3
fuel of low radiation characteristics.
Fuels
3
5.2 The luminometer number (and the smoke point with
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
4
which it can be correlated) is qualitatively related to the
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
potential radiant heat transfer from the combustion products of
3. Terminology the fuel. Because radiant heat transfer exerts a strong influence
on the metal temperature of combustor liners and other hot
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sectionpartsofgasturbines,theluminometernumberprovides
3.1.1 luminometer number—a measure of flame tempera-
a basis for correlation of fuel characteristics with the life of
ture at a fixed flame radiation in the green-yellow band of the
these components.
visible spectrum.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—It can be correlated with combustion
6. Apparatus
characteristics of fuels for use in current commercial aviation
5
6.1 ASTM-CRC Luminometer, shown schematically in
turbine engines.
Fig. 1, consisting of three main parts:
4. Summary of Test Method 6.1.1 A small wick-type lamp in which the sample is
burned,
4.1 The luminometer number of a fuel is determined by
6.1.2 An optical filter and photocell circuit which indicates
burning the fuel in the ASTM-CRC Luminometer lamp and
the intensity of flame radiation in the range from 4800 to 7000
˚
A and
1
6.1.3 Asystem to measure the lamp temperature rise above
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ambient. Luminometers through serial No. 377 include a dual
D02.J on Aviation Fuels.
thermocouple circuit and potentiometer, while later instru-
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally
ments include a digital output unit.
published as D1740 – 60T. Last previous edition D1740–91.
2
Thistestmethodwasdevelopedonthebasisofcooperativeworkcarriedoutby
the Coordinating Research Council and published in CRC Report “Evaluation of
5
CRC Luminometer” (CRC Project No. CA-16-58). June 1959. The ASTM-CRC Luminometer, made by ERDCO Engineering Corp., 721
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Custer Ave., P. O. Box 1310, Evanston, IL 60204 has been used to develop the
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. precision of Test Method D1740.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
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Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
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Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off