ASTM E2319-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
Standard Test Method for Determining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a standard procedure for determining the air flow characteristics of various components of the window system under specified air pressure differences at ambient conditions.
Note 3—The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature.3 ,4 ,5 These factors should be fully considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.
Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a modified version of Test Method E 283, and provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining air leakage separately through the face and sides of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test method described is for tests with constant temperature and humidity across the specimen.Note 1
Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires that the air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined. When special circumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame at a location other than that used to seal the specimen to the test chamber in this test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarify potential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. The adapted testing procedure described herein is intended for this purpose.
1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.Note 2
Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a temperature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate. This is not addressed by this test method.
1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons interested in performing field air leakage tests on installed units should reference Test Method E 783. Test Method E 783 will not provide the user with a means of determining air flow through the sides of tested specimens.
1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.
1.5 Throughout this test method, SI units are listed first in accordance with E06 metric policy, and shall be considered the primary units. Non-SI units are provided in parenthesis for reference purposes.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement see Section .
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Designation: E2319 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Determining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides of
Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified
Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2319; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 Throughout this test method, SI units are listed first in
accordancewithE06metricpolicy,andshallbeconsideredthe
1.1 This test method is a modified version of Test Method
primary units. Non-SI units are provided in parenthesis for
E283, and provides a standard laboratory procedure for deter-
reference purposes.
mining air leakage separately through the face and sides of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method described is for tests with constant temperature and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
humidity across the specimen.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
NOTE 1—Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires that
statement see Section 7.
the air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined. When special
circumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame at
2. Referenced Documents
a location other than that used to seal the specimen to the test chamber in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
this test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarify
E283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage
potential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. The
adapted testing procedure described herein is intended for this purpose. Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors
UnderSpecifiedPressureDifferencesAcrosstheSpecimen
1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure
E783 Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage
only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the
Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter
purpose.
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a tem-
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in
perature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate.
Terminology E631.
This is not addressed by this test method.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons
3.2.1 air leakage rate through the face of the specimen
2 3 2 3
interestedinperformingfieldairleakagetestsoninstalledunits
(q or q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft ), or L/(s·m) (ft /min·ft)—
A(f) lc(f)
shouldreferenceTestMethodE783.TestMethodE783willnot
the air leakage through the face of the specimen per unit of
provide the user with a means of determining air flow through
specimen area (A) or per unit length of operable crack
the sides of tested specimens.
perimeter (lc).
1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable
3.2.2 air leakage rate through the face and sides of the
2 3 2
in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and
specimen (q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft )—the air leakage
A(fs)
shallhaveageneralunderstandingoffenestrationproductsand
throughthefaceandsidesofthespecimenperunitofspecimen
components.
area (A).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E2319-04. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2319 – 04
3.2.3 air leakage rate through the sides of the specimen 3.2.14 total air flow through sides (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the
t(s)
2 3 2 3
(q or q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft ), or L/(s·m) (ft /min·ft)— volumeofairflowingperunitoftimethroughthetestchamber
A(s) lf(s)
the air leakage through the sides of the specimen per unit of and test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowing through the
specimen area (A) or per unit length of outside perimeter of sides of the test specimen but exclusive of the air flowing
specimen frame (lf). through the face of the specimen, under a test pressure
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
3.2.4 air leakage through the face of the specimen (Q ),
s(f)
dard conditions.
L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time
3.2.15 unit length of operable crack perimeter (lc), m
through the face of the test specimen under a test pressure
(ft)—the sum of all perimeters of operable ventilators, sash, or
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
doors contained in the test specimen, based on the overall
dard conditions.
dimensions of such parts. Where two such operable parts meet
3.2.5 air leakage through the face and sides of the specimen
the two adjacent lengths of perimeter shall be counted as only
(Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of
s(fs)
one length.
timethroughthefaceandsidesofthetestspecimenunderatest
3.2.16 unit length of outside perimeter of specimen frame
pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted
(lf),m(ft)—theperimeterofthetestspecimen,measuredatthe
to standard conditions.
edge of the outer frame.
3.2.6 air leakage through the sides of the specimen (Q ),
s(s)
L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time
4. Summary of Test Method
through the sides of the test specimen under a test pressure
4.1 The test consists of sealing the interior and exterior of a
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
test specimen into or against one face of an air chamber,
dard conditions.
supplying air to or exhausting air from the chamber at the rate
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Air leakage through the sides of the
required to maintain the specified test pressure difference
frame (Q ) is provided to inform specifiers of the potential
s(s)
across the specimen, and measuring the resultant air flow
leakage through the specimen at the window surrounds. The
through the face and sides of the specimen.
actual amount of leakage through the sides of the frame
depends on the positioning of the sealants, flashings and air
5. Significance and Use
barriers relative to the frame.
5.1 Thistestmethodisastandardprocedurefordetermining
3.2.7 extraneous air leakage (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the vol-
e
the air flow characteristics of various components of the
ume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamber
window system under specified air pressure differences at
and test apparatus, exclusive of the air flowing through the test
ambient conditions.
specimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperature
NOTE 3—Theairpressuredifferencesactingacrossabuildingenvelope
difference, converted to standard conditions.
vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the
3.2.7.1 Discussion—Extraneous leakage is the sum of all
implicationsortheresultingairleakagerelativetotheenvironmentwithin
3,4,5
leakage other than that intended to be measured by the test.
buildings are discussed in the literature. These factors should be fully
considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.
3.2.8 specimen—the entire assembled unit submitted for
test as described in Section 8.
5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison
2 2
3.2.9 specimen area (A), m (ft )—the area determined by
purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the
the overall dimensions of the frame that fits into the rough components being tested and compared are of essentially the
opening.
same size, configuration, and design.
3.2.10 standard test conditions—in this test method, dry air
6. Apparatus
at:
6.1 The description of the apparatus in this section is
Pressure—101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg)
Temperature—20.8°C (69.4°F)
general in nature. Any suitable arrangement of equipment
3 3
Air Density—1.202 kg/m (0.075 lb/ft )
capableofmaintainingtherequiredtesttolerancesispermitted.
6.2 Test Chamber—Awell sealed box, wall, or other appa-
3.2.11 test pressure differences, Pa (lbf/ft )—the specified
ratus into or against which the specimen is mounted and
differential static air pressure across the specimen.
3 secured for testing.An air supply shall be provided to allow a
3.2.12 total air flow through face (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the
t(f)
positive or negative pressure differential to be applied across
volumeofairflowingperunitoftimethroughthetestchamber
the specimen without significant extraneous losses. The cham-
andtestapparatus,inclusiveoftheairflowingthroughtheface
ber shall be capable of withstanding the differential test
ofthetestspecimenbutexclusiveoftheairflowingthroughthe
pressures that may be encountered in this procedure. At least
sides of the specimen, under a test pressure difference and test
temperature difference, converted to standard conditions.
3.2.13 total air flow through face and sides (Q ), L/s 3
t(fs)
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-
(ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time through
Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329. ASHRAE
Handbook of Fundamentals, 1989.
thetestchamberandtestapparatus,inclusiveoftheairflowing
Fluid Meters—Their Theory and Application, 5th Edition, 1959.
through the face and sides of the test specimen, under a test
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990. Power
to standard conditions. Test Code, 2nd Edition, 1956, Part 5, Chapter 4, “Flow Measurements.”
E2319 – 04
one static air pressure tap shall be provided on each side of the by 1830 mm high (4 ft wide by 6 ft high). The test frame and
specimentomeasurethetestpressuredifferences.Thepressure blank shall be sealed at all joints.
tapshallbelocatedinanareaofthechamberinwhichpressure 9.2 EachNISTtraceableorificeplateshallbeconstructedof
readings will not be affected by any supply air. The air supply 3mm( ⁄8 in.) thick stainless steel having an outside diameter
opening to the chamber shall be located in an area in which it of 200 mm (8 in.) and interior square edge diameters of 25.40
does not directly impinge upon the test specimen. mm (1.000 in.), 38.10 mm (1.500 in.) and 50.80 mm (2.000
6.2.1 Supply Air System—A controllable blower, exhaust in.).
fan, or reversible blower designed to provide the required air 9.3 Fasten the orifice plate to the blank, centered over a
flowatthespecifiedtestpressuredifference.Thesystemshould
150-mm (6-in.) diameter hole. Seal the hole in the orifice plate
provide essentially constant air flow at the specified test with a suitable adhesive tape so that an extraneous reading on
pressure difference for a time period sufficient to obtain the air flow system can be obtained. Measure the amount of
readings of air flow. such leakage with the orifice plate sealed, at the air pressure
6.2.2 Pressure Measuring Apparatus—Adevice to measure difference to be applied during calibration. After determining
the differential test pressures to 62% of setpoint or 62.5 Pa the extraneous air leakage, remove the adhesive tape from the
(60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater. hole in the orifice plate and repeat the process to determine the
6.2.3 Air Flow Metering System—A device to measure the
total measured flow.
air flow into the test chamber or through the test specimen.
9.4 Calibration of the air leakage test equipment shall
consist of determining the flow through the air flow system to
7. Hazards be calibrated using all applicable orifice plate sizes for the
design range of the flow metering apparatus. The orifice plate
7.1 Precaution—Glass breakage may occur at the test
tobeusedforeachofthefollowingairflowrangesisindicated
pressure differences applied in this test. Adequate precautions
in the table.
should be taken to protect personnel.
NOTE 5—Three orifice plates are used to allow the air flow measuring
8. Test Specimen
equipment to be used for a variety of specimen sizes and chamber/wall
setups.
8.1 Thetestspecimenforawallshallbeofsufficientsizeto
Orifice Plate Nominal Differential Pressure
determine the performance of all typical parts of the wall
Hole Sizes Flow Across Orifice Plate
system. For curtain walls or walls constructed with prefabri-
25.4mm(1.0in.) 3.47L/s (7.36ft /min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)
38.1 mm (1.5 in.) 7.66 L/s (16.24 ft /min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)
cated units, the specimen width shall be not less than two
50.8 mm (2.0 in.) 13.64 L/s (28.90 ft /min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)
typical units plus the connections and supporting elements at
both sides, and sufficient to provide full loading on at least one NOTE 6—At test pressures other than 75 Pa (1.57 psf), the laboratory
shallcalibratetheairflowmeasuringequipmentwiththeapplicableorifice
typical vertical joint or framing member, or both. The height
plates and record the measurements at the specified pressure(s). Using
shallbenotlessthanthefullbuildingstoryheightortheheight
pressures greater than 75 Pa (1.57 psf) may not permit reproducibility
of the unit, whichever is greater, and shall include at least on
between laboratories, nor may it warrant meeting calibration tolerance
full horizontal joint, accommodating vertical expansion, such
requirements as specified at 75 Pa (1.57 psf).
joint being at or near the bottom of the specimen, as well as all
9.5 The air flow measuring system shall be considered
connections at top and bottom of the units.
within the limits of calibration when the maximum air flow
8.1.1 All parts of the wall test specimen shall be full size
reading during testing does not exceed the highest calibrated
using the same materials, details, and methods of construction
airflowvalueby20%.Theairflowmeasuringsystemshallbe
and anchorage as used on the actual building.
consider
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