ASTM D4859-97
(Specification)Standard Specification for Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engines-TC
Standard Specification for Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engines-TC
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lubricants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines, typically other than outboard motors, that are particularly prone to ring sticking, but which are also liable to suffer damage arising from deposit induced preignition, piston scuff, spark plug fouling and piston varnish.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 4859 – 97
Standard Specification for
Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle Spark-Ignition Gasoline
Engines-TC
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope CEC L-19-T-77 The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-
Stroke Engine Oils
1.1 This specification covers lubricants intended for use in
two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines, typically
3. Terminology
other than outboard motors, that are particularly prone to ring
3.1 Definitions:
sticking, but which are also liable to suffer damage arising
3.1.1 cold sticking—of piston rings, a condition in which
from deposit induced preignition, piston scuff, spark plug
the ring is free in its groove while the engine is running but
fouling and piston varnish.
stuck when the piston is cold, normally indicated by the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
absence of varnish or other deposits on the outer face of the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ring and of signs of blowby on the piston skirt. D 4857
only.
3.1.2 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal com-
2. Referenced Documents bustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and
any portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston
2.1 ASTM Standards:
crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
surface of the cylinder head including any spark plugs and
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
2 other inserted components. D 4858
Viscosity)
3.1.3 hot sticking—of piston rings, a condition in which the
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
ring is stuck in its groove while the engine is running, normally
by Potentiometric Titration
indicated by varnish or other deposits on the outer face of the
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
ring, by signs of blowby on the piston skirt, or both. D 4857
and Additives
3.1.4 lubricity—a qualitative term describing the ability of a
D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
lubricant to minimize friction between and damage to surfaces
matic Viscosity at 40° and 100°C
in relative motion under load. D 4863
D 2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Prod-
3.1.5 preignition—in a spark-ignition engine, ignition of
ucts by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
the mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber before
D 4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of
the passage of the spark. D 4858
Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits
3.1.6 scuff, scuffıng—in lubrication, damage caused by
in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Out-
instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative
boards
motion which does not result in immobilization of the parts.
D 4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of
D 4863
Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle
3 3.1.7 seizure—in lubrication, welding between surfaces in
Gasoline Engines
relative motion that results in immobilization of the parts.
D 4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of
3 D 4863
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
3.1.8 spark plug fouling—deposition of essentially noncon-
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard:
ducting material onto the electrodes of a spark plug that may,
but will not necessarily, prevent the plug from operating.
D 4857
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
3.1.9 spark plug whiskering, or spark plug bridging—a
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
deposit of conductive material on the spark plug electrodes
D02.B on Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved Apr. 10, 1997. Published October 1997. Originally
published as D 4859 – 88. Last previous edition D 4859 – 88 (1994)e .
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Order from the Coordinating European Council, 61 New Cavendish Street,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. London, W1M 8AR, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4859
which tends to form a bridge between them, thus shorting out 5.1.1 This test is run in a 347 cm Yamaha RD-350B
the plug. D 4857 twin-cylinder air-cooled motorcycle engine for 20 h, set up
3.2 Definition of Terms Specific to This Standard: with number one cylinder supplied with a fuel mix containing
3.2.1 benchmark reference oil—an oil meeting the require- the benchmark reference oil and number two cylinder with a
ments of a test of this specification and whose performance on fuel mix containing the candidate oil, both at 50:1 fuel to oil
that test is equalled or exceeded by that of the candidate oil ratio by volume. The test is normally run twice, exchanging the
within the specified tolerances. oils between cylinders for the second run, unless the perfor-
3.2.2 major preignition—preignition indicated by an in- mance of the candidate oil exceeds that of the benchmark
crease in the combustion chamber temperature of 10°C (18°F) reference oil by the margins specified in 6.2.7, in which case
or more over a period of less than a minute. the second run need not be made.
3.2.3 minor preignition—preignition indicated by an in- 5.2 Lubricity-Test Method D 4863:
crease in the combustion chamber temperature of 7°C (13°F) 5.2.1 The procedure is a development of CEC L-19-T-77,
or more but less than 10°C (18°F) over a period of less than a for which test engines are no longer available. It is run in a
minute. Yamaha CE-50 49 cm single-cylinder air-cooled engine sup-
plied with a 150:1 by volume fuel to oil mix. The engine is
4. General Requirements
brought to equilibrium at 4000 r/min wide open throttle
4.1 This specification covers only specific aspects of the (WOT), and the cooling air flow adjusted to give a spark plug
gasket temperature of 169 to 171°C (336 to 340°F). The
performance of the lubricant in an engine under the conditions
of test. Requirements additional to those of this specification, cooling air to the cylinder is then cut off and the output torque
recorded when the plug gasket temperature reaches 200°C
such as miscibility with gasoline, may be agreed between the
(392°F) and again when it reaches 350°C (662°F), when the
purchaser and the supplier.
cooling air flow is restored. The smaller the reduction in torque
4.2 Performance testing of each batch of lubricant shall not
output at constant engine speed during this interval, the better
be required. The supplier shall certify that the product supplied
meets the requirements of this specification and that it con- the ability of the oil to lubricate the piston. Tests are run
alternately on the benchmark reference oil, ASTM 600, and on
forms in all significant respects to a batch of lubricant that has
met the requirements of this specification. The supplier shall the candidate oil. This test does not normally damage the
engine.
provide on request the batch and test number and the date and
place of qualification of this previously qualified batch of oil, 5.3 Preignition-Test Method D 4858:
5.3.1 This is run in a Yamaha CE-50 engine. For the
and such additional information on the physical and chemical
properties of the lubricant as shall enable the purchaser to purposes of this specification the engine is run for 50 h at 4000
r/min at wide open throttle (WOT) using a 20:1 volumetric fuel
detect contamination or substitution of product.
4.3 Ring Sticking and Piston Deposit Test—The perfor- to oil ratio. The number
...
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