ASTM D4609-01
(Guide)Standard Guide for Evaluating Effectiveness of Chemicals for Soil Stabilization
Standard Guide for Evaluating Effectiveness of Chemicals for Soil Stabilization
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to assist users and producers of soil modifiers, and stabilizers in the evaluation of a product’potential for improving a soil’engineering properties (such as, deformation under load, shear strength, and volume stability).
The results of these tests can be used to make a decision to continue experimentation to assess longevity, durability, and practical value, and establish appropriate rates of application for field trials.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testingsampling/inspection, and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors. Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes laboratory techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of admixtures for improving the engineering properties of fine-grained soils.
1.2 Effectiveness is assessed by comparing the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), moisture susceptibility, and moisture-density relationships (MD) of treated and untreated soils.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation:D4609–01
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Effectiveness of Admixtures for Soil
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Stabilization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4609; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
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Fluids
1.1 This guide describes laboratory techniques for evaluat-
D 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
ing the effectiveness of admixtures for improving the engineer-
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istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,4000 ft-lbf/ft (600
ing properties of fine-grained soils.
3 2
kN-m/m ))
1.2 Effectiveness is assessed by comparing the unconfined
D 2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength
compressive strength (UCS), moisture susceptibility, and
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of Cohesive Soil
moisture-density relationships (MD) of treated and untreated
D 2216 TestMethodforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
soils.
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(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
Particle Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
information only.
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stants
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
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as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information
D 4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
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Plasticity Index of Soils
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
2.2 AASHTO Documents:
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
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SPEL Special Products Evaluation List
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
T 99 Moisture-Density Relations of Soils, Using a 5.5-lb
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
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(2.5-kg) Rammer and a 12-in. (305-mm) Drop
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
3. Terminology
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
3.1 Definitions—For common definitions of soil and rock
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D 653.
document means only that the document has been approved
through the ASTM consensus process.
4. Summary of Guide
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 Soil stabilizers are screened by comparing the results of
a suite of engineering soil tests conducted on untreated soil and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the same soil treated at appropriate amounts of the material
D 421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for
being evaluated. Effectiveness is assessed by comparing the
Particle Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
2
Atterberg limits, MD, USC, and resistance to moisture of
stants
2 treated and untreated soil samples.
D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
5. Significance and Use
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5.1 This guide is intended to assist users and producers of
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization with
soil modifiers, and stabilizers in the evaluation of a product’s
Admixtures.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Originally
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published as D 4609 – 86. Last previous edition D 4609 – 94. Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. Officials, 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 225, Washington, DC 20001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4609
potentialforimprovingasoil’sengineeringproperties(suchas,
20 kg
deformation under load, shear strength, and volume stability).
8.2 Test each untreated soil by the several test methods
5.2 The results of these tests can be used to make a decision
listed in 8.2.1 through 8.2.6. Perform the same tests
...
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