iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM F1868-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance provided by fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, is of considerable importance in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems.
The thermal interchange between people and their environment is, however, an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, thermal resistance values and evaporative resistance values measured on a hot plate may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the performance of clothing systems worn by people. Clothing weight, drape, tightness of fit, and so forth, can minimize or even neutralize the apparent differences between fabrics or fabric assemblies measured by this test method.
The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems can be measured with a heated manikin in an environmental chamber in accordance with Test Methods F1291 and F2370.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance and the evaporative resistance, under steady-state conditions, of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m2/W and for intrinsic evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m2/W.
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2012
ICS
13.340.10 - Protective clothing
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.60 - Human Factors
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1868-09 - Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Replaced By
ASTM F1868-14 - Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
Effective Date
01-Feb-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2407/F2407M-23a - Standard Specification for Surgical Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3628-23 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3267-22 - Standard Specification for Protective Clothing for Use Against Liquid Chemotherapy and Other Liquid Hazardous Drugs
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM D7984-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Thermal Effusivity of Fabrics Using a Modified Transient Plane Source (MTPS) Instrument
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3352/F3352M-23b - Standard Specification for Isolation Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012

Buy Standard

ASTM F1868-12 - Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot PlateASTM F1868-12 - Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM F1868-12 - Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
English language
9 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM F1868-12 - Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot PlateREDLINE ASTM F1868-12 - Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM F1868-12 - Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
English language
9 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1868 − 12
StandardTest Method for
Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials
1
Using a Sweating Hot Plate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Clothing is often made of materials that impede the flow of heat and moisture from the skin to the
environment. Consequently, people may suffer from heat stress or cold stress when wearing clothing
in different environmental conditions.Therefore, it is important to quantify the thermal resistance and
evaporative resistance of clothing materials and to consider these properties when selecting materials
for different clothing applications.
1. Scope E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementofthethermal
F1291TestMethodforMeasuringtheThermalInsulationof
resistance and the evaporative resistance, under steady-state
Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
conditions, of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers,
F1494Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.
F2370Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resis-
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic
tance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
2
thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m /W and for
2.2 Other Standards:
2
intrinsic evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m /W.
ISO11092 Textiles–Physiological Effects–Measurement of
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard.
Thermal and Water-Vapour Resistance Under Steady-
3
State Conditions (Sweating Guarded-Hotplate Test)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
3.1 Definitions:
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.1 clo, n—a unit of thermal resistance (insulation) equal
2
to 0.155 K•m /W.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The value of the clo was selected as
2
roughly the insulation value of typical indoor clothing, which
2.1 ASTM Standards:
should keep a resting man (producing heat at the rate of 58
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
2
W/m ) comfortable in an environment at 21ºC, air movement
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
0.1 m/s.
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
D1518Test Method for Thermal Resistance of Batting
3.1.2 evaporative resistance, n—The resistance to the flow
Systems Using a Hot Plate
of moisture vapor from a saturated surface (high vapor
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
pressure) to an environment with a lower vapor pressure.
ASTM Test Methods
3.1.2.1 Discussion— The evaporative resistance in units of
2
kPa•m /W can be calculated for several different cases.
A
R = apparent total evaporative resistance of the fabric test
1 ef
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF23onPersonal
specimen only, when evaluated non-isothermally. The term
ProtectiveClothingandEquipmentandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
F23.60 onHuman Factors. apparentisusedasamodifierfortotalevaporativeresistanceto
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
reflect the fact that condensation may occur within the speci-
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1868-09. DOI:
men.
10.1520/F1868-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1868 − 12
A
R = apparent total evaporative resistance of the fabric test 3.2 For definitions of other terms related to protective
et
specimen, liquid barrier, and surface air layer when evaluated clothing used in this test method, refer to Terminology F1494.
non-isothermally. The term apparent is used as a modifier for
4. Significance and Use
totalevaporativeresistancetoreflectthefactthatcondensation
may occur within the specimen.
4.1 The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance pro-
R = eva
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1868–09 Designation:F1868–12
Standard Test Method for
Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials
1
Using a Sweating Hot Plate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Clothing is often made of materials that impede the flow of heat and moisture from the skin to the
environment. Consequently, people may suffer from heat stress or cold stress when wearing clothing
in different environmental conditions. Therefore, it is important to quantify the thermal resistance and
evaporative resistance of clothing materials and to consider these properties when selecting materials
for different clothing applications.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance and the evaporative resistance, under steady-state
conditions, of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.
2
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m /W and for intrinsic
2
evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m /W.
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
D1518 Test Method for Thermal Resistance of Batting Systems Using a Hot Plate
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
F2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
2.2 Other Standards:
ISO 11092 Textiles–Physiological Effects–Measurement of Thermal and Water-Vapour Resistance Under Steady-State
3
Conditions (Sweating Guarded-Hotplate Test)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
2
3.1.1 clo, n—a unit of thermal resistance (insulation) equal to 0.155 K•m /W.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The value of the clo was selected as roughly the insulation value of typical indoor clothing, which should
2
keep a resting man (producing heat at the rate of 58 W/m ) comfortable in an environment at 21ºC, air movement 0.1 m/s.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.60 on Human Factors.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1868-02. DOI:
10.1520/F1868-09.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1868 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/F1868-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1868–12
3.1.2 evaporative resistance, n—The resistance to the flow of moisture vapor from a saturated surface (high vapor pressure) to
an environment with a lower vapor pressure.
2
3.1.2.1 Discussion— The evaporative resistance in units of kPa•m /W can be calculated for several different cases.
A
R = apparent total evaporative resistance of the fabric test specimen only, when evaluated non-isothermally. The term apparent
ef
is used as a modifier for total evaporative resistance to reflect the fact that condensation may oc
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM F1414-19(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chainsaw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide a measurable criterion of performance about the level of cut resistance provided by different types of protective garments and protected coverings worn by chainsaw operators.  
5.2 This test method is intended to show to what level a protective garment can offer resistance to the cutting action of a chainsaw.  
5.3 The protection which can be demonstrated by the garments and coverings tested in accordance with this test method is achieved by: (1) the cut resistance of the material to cutting when put in contact with saw chain; (2) pulling a part of the material or yarns in the material so that they are drawn into the chain and drive mechanism to block the chain movement; (3) the fibers of the materials used to demonstrate both high resistance to cutting and the capacity to absorb rotational energy, so that chain speed can be slowed down sufficiently to stop the movement of the saw chain; or (4) any combination of these.  
5.4 This test method does not purport to evaluate comfort of lower body protective garments.  
5.5 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should perform comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens from the same lot of components to be evaluated. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be determined and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments and devices worn to protect the lower body (legs) when operating a chainsaw.  
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to minimum performance requirements in established safety standards.  
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, or as required by established safety standards, it will be decided if this test method will be used to determine one or both of the following: (1) chain speed 50 (CS50), and (2) success/failure (jamming/chain stop or no cut in less than 1.5 s) at specified chain speed.  
1.3 This test method may be used to determine levels of protection for areas of coverage as stipulated in established safety standards.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1: The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    15 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1930-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Flame-Resistant Clothing for Protection Against Fire Simulations Using an Instrumented Manikin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use this test method to measure the thermal protection provided by different materials, garments, clothing ensembles, and systems when exposed to a specified fire (see 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 4.1, and 10.4).  
5.1.1 This test method does not simulate high radiant exposures, for example, those found in electric arc flash exposures, some types of fire exposures where liquid or solid fuels are involved, nor exposure to nuclear explosions.  
5.2 This test method provides a measurement of garment and clothing ensemble performance on a stationary upright manikin of specified dimensions. This test method is used to provide predicted skin burn injury for a specific garment or protective clothing ensemble when exposed to a laboratory simulation of a fire. It does not establish a pass/fail for material performance.  
5.2.1 This test method is not intended to be a quality assurance test. The results do not constitute a material’s performance specification.  
5.2.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.  
5.3 The measurement of the thermal protection provided by clothing is complex and dependent on the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer and testing practices is needed to evaluate if, and which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the test method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures along with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to provide predicted human skin burn injury for single-layer garments or protective clothing ensembles mounted on a stationary upright instrumented manikin which are then exposed in a laboratory to a simulated fire environment having controlled heat flux, flame distribution, and duration. The average exposure heat flux is 84 kW/m2 (2 cal/s·cm2), with durations up to 20 s.  
1.2 The visual and physical changes to the single-layer garment or protective clothing ensemble are recorded to aid in understanding the overall performance of the garment or protective clothing ensemble and how the predicted human skin burn injury results can be interpreted.  
1.3 The skin burn injury prediction is based on a limited number of experiments where the forearms of human subjects were exposed to elevated thermal conditions. This forearm information for skin burn injury is applied uniformly to the entire body of the manikin, except the hands and feet. The hands and feet are not included in the skin burn injury prediction.  
1.4 The measurements obtained and observations noted can only apply to the particular garment(s) or ensemble(s) tested using the specified heat flux, flame distribution, and duration.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This method is not a fire test response test method.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units or other units commonly used for thermal testing. If appropriate, round the non-SI units for convenience.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 Fire testing is ...

  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2053-00(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Documenting the Results of Airborne Particle Penetration Testing of Protective Clothing Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This guide is intended to encourage thorough and consistent documentation of airborne particle penetration testing and its results.  
2.2 Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper particle protective clothing by direct comparison of one material with another.  
2.3 A standard format for test information and data also encourages computer storage of test results for easy retrieval, comparison, and correlations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a format for documenting information and performance data for an airborne particle penetration test.  
1.2 Documented data and information are grouped into five categories that define important aspects of each test:  
1.2.1 Description of material tested,  
1.2.2 Challenge particles,  
1.2.3 Test method,  
1.2.4 Test results, and  
1.2.5 Source of the data.  
1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to procedures outlined in a standard test method.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3352/F3352M-23b(Specification)
Standard Specification for Isolation Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes minimum requirements for the performance and labeling of isolation gowns intended for use by healthcare workers to provide protection for standard and transmission-based precautions. The intended use of this specification is to ensure the performance properties of isolation gowns for the protection of the wearer. Four levels of barrier properties for isolation gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB 70, and are included in this specification for reference purposes.  
1.2 There are other types of gowns that are used in healthcare settings, including: cover gowns, procedure gowns, comfort gowns, precaution gowns, and open-back gowns. All gowns not meeting the definition of isolation gown in 3.1.7 as defined by ANSI/AAMI PB70 are excluded from this standard.  
1.3 This specification does not address protective clothing used for surgical applications, such as surgical gowns or decontamination gowns; protective clothing for the hands, such as surgical gloves, patient examination gloves, or other medical gloves; protective clothing for the head, such as goggles or face shields, surgical caps or hoods, surgical masks, or respirators; protective clothing for the feet, such as operating room shoes, shoe covers, or surgical boots; or other types of protective clothing and equipment worn by healthcare providers.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2407/F2407M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Surgical Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for the performance, documentation, and labeling of surgical gowns used in the healthcare facilities. It does not however cover all the requirements that a healthcare facility deems necessary to select a product, nor does it address criteria for evaluating experimental products. Barrier testing shall be conducted to determine the impact penetration, hydrostatic resistance, and viral penetration resistance performance of the critical zone(s) of the surgical gown. The physical properties of the critical zone(s) of the surgical gown shall also be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: tensile strength, tear resistance, seam strength, lint generation, evaporative resistance, and water vapor transmission rate. General safety requirements shall be set based on biocompatibility, sterility assurance, flame spread, and natural rubber latex specifications.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification provides minimum requirements for surgical gowns used for protection of healthcare workers where the potential for exposure to blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials exists. The specification requires barrier testing based on the system of classifying gowns established in ANSI/AAMI PB70 and sets general safety requirements for surgical gowns based on biocompatibility, sterility assurance, and flame spread. Performance requirements are established for important physical properties, including tensile strength, tear strength, and seam strength. Methods to be used for optional reporting of performance of linting resistance, evaporative resistance, water vapor transmission rate, and abrasion resistance are provided.  
4.2 This specification does not address protective clothing used for nonsurgical applications, such as isolation gowns or decontamination gowns; protective clothing for the hands, such as surgical gloves, patient examination gloves, or other medical gloves; protective clothing for the head, such as goggles or face shields, surgical caps or hoods, surgical masks, or respirators; protective clothing for the feet, such as operating room shoes, shoe covers, or surgical boots; or other types of protective clothing and equipment worn by healthcare providers.  
4.3 Surgical gowns are either multiple-use or single-use products as designated by the manufacturer. This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturer claims for surgical gown performance and efficacy. For multiple-use gowns, this specification takes into account the anticipated care and maintenance of these products by examining test requirements for surgical gown materials both before and after the maximum expected number of cycles for laundering and sterilization.  
4.4 Additional information on the processing of multiple-use surgical gowns is provided in ANSI/AAMI ST65.  
4.5 While surgical gowns are classified for barrier performance...
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for the performance, documentation, and labeling of surgical gowns used in healthcare facilities. Four levels of barrier properties for surgical gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB70 and are included in this specification for reference purposes.
Note 1: Some properties require minimum performance and others are for documentation only.
Note 2: ANSI/AAMI PB70 evaluates the barrier properties of surgical gown fabrics using water only in Levels 1, 2, and 3. Since surgical gowns are exposed to blood and other fluids with different surface tensions, the performance of additional testing to identify the barrier levels to simulated biological fluids is required for a Level 4 gown.  
1.2 This specification does not cover all the requirements that a healthcare facility deems necessary to select a product, nor does it address criteria for evaluating experimental products.  
1.3 This specification is not intended to serve as a detailed manufacturing or purchase...

  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1296-08(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The standards under the jurisdiction of Committee F23 and other technical committees can be used individually or as part of an integrated protocol in the development, selection, specification, and use of chemical protective clothing.  
4.2 The standards are intended as a means by which information can be requested, generated, and reported in a consistent, comparable manner.  
4.3 The suggested evaluation and test methods are recommended guidelines only. Test methods offer procedures for evaluating chemical protective clothing at standardized conditions to allow comparison.  
4.4 The information on clothing performance must be combined with professional judgment and a clear understanding of the clothing application to provide the best protection to the worker. All chemical protective clothing use must be based on a hazard assessment to determine the risks for exposure to chemicals and other hazards. Conduct hazard assessments in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.132.  
4.5 Chemical protective clothing intended for use during hazardous materials emergencies shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensemble for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, or NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Ensemble and Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, as appropriate for the type of emergency. For emergencies involving release of chemical agents during terrorism incidents, chemical protective clothing shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Chemical/Biological Terrorism Incidents.  
4.6 Recommendations for labeling chemical protective clothing are provided in Practice F1301, recommendations for implementing a chemical protective clothing program are provided in Practice F1461, and recommendations for preparing care and maintenance instructions are provided in Practice F2061.  
4.7 Appendix X1 is an example of how several of the referenced standards can be combined into a protoc...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.  
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.  
1.3 No protocol can ensure the selection of protective clothing that guarantees worker protection. The purpose of testing is to generate data and information that will allow the selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is based on technical evaluation of available information and professional assessment of risk.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1868-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss provided by fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, is of considerable importance in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems.  
4.1.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, thermal resistance values, evaporative resistance values, and total heat loss measured on a hot plate may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the performance of clothing systems worn by people. Clothing weight, drape, tightness of fit, and so forth, can minimize or even neutralize the apparent differences between fabrics or fabric assemblies measured by this test method.  
4.3 The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems and items can be measured with a heated sweating manikin in an environmental chamber in accordance with Test Methods F1291, F2370, and F3426.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss under steady-state conditions of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.  
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m2/W and for intrinsic evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m 2/W. The total heat loss range is from 0.0 to 1300 W/m2.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are provided in this standard but are not regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2992-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing with Tomodynamometer Test Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the cut resistance of a material when exposed to a cutting edge under specified loads. Data obtained from this test method can be used to compare the cut resistance of different materials.  
5.2 This test method only addresses that range of cutting hazards that are related to a cutting action by a smooth sharp edge across the surface of the material. It is not representative of any other cutting hazard to which the material may be subjected, such as serrated edges, saw blades, or motorized cutting tools. Nor is it representative of puncture, tear, or other modes of fabric failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cut resistance of a material when mounted on a specimen holder and subjected to a cutting edge under a specified load using a tomodynamometer.2  
1.1.1 This procedure is not valid for high-porosity materials which allow cutting edge contact with the mounting surface prior to cutting.  
1.1.2 Test apparatus may have limitations in testing materials with a thickness greater than 20 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3628-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much energy is released back to the skin is critical in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems or athletic wear.  
4.1.1 The cooling energy released back to the wearer can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using standard results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 This test method accounts for a clothing material’s ability to assist in evaporating liquid water during a sweating phase, as well as its ability to dry after the cessation of sweating.  
4.2.1 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials during active work (sweating) is often seen as a positive, as it would assist in keeping the body cooler.  
4.2.2 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials after active work (no sweating) is often seen as a negative, as it known to cause a chilling effect to the wearer.  
4.2.3 The longer it takes for a clothing material to dry after becoming wet is perceived as a negative, as it increases the potential for chilling the wearer.  
4.3 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is, however, an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, the cooling provided from liquid evaporation may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the perfo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cooling energy released back to the wearer’s skin by a clothing material’s ability to move and evaporate controlled dosages of water under controlled ambient conditions using a sweating hot plate.  
1.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the cooling energy during a simulated “sweating” phase and in a drying phase. Calculations are also provided to determine the drying time and how efficient the clothing material is at assisting in the evaporation of liquid water by comparing it to the maximum amount of energy that can be lost.  
1.2 This test method does not address all properties that affect a clothing material’s ability to lose heat from the body. Consider measuring properties such as air permeability, insulation, and evaporative resistance.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3267-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Protective Clothing for Use Against Liquid Chemotherapy and Other Liquid Hazardous Drugs

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, documentation, and labeling requirements and provides test methods for protective clothing used in preventing exposure to liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.1.1 The principal requirement of this specification is permeation resistance testing of the protective clothing barrier material and seams to a specified battery of seven chemotherapy drugs. Two levels of protective clothing barrier material and seam performance are established for complying with Part A labeling requirements specific to these seven liquid chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.1 Broad chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.2 Selective chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for at least five of the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.  
1.1.2 It is also possible to report permeation resistance test results for additional liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs of interest as determined by the manufacturer or end user organization using the same breakthrough detection criteria for individual drugs for complying with the Part B labeling requirements.  
1.1.3 Protective clothing meeting this specification is also required to meet minimum flammability requirements, and if used as a medical device, biocompatibility (if used for breached skin contact), and demonstrate sterility assurance, if sterilized prior to use.  
1.1.4 Physical properties that indicate the strength, durability, and breathability of the protective clothing are optionally reported.  
1.1.5 Additional requirements are established for the label and user information to be provided for protective clothing meeting this specification.  
1.1.6 This specification also requires products intended to be used as medical devices such as surgical gowns and isolation gowns to meet the respective requirements of AAMI PB70, Specification F2407/F2407M, and Specification F3352/F3352M, as applicable.  
1.2 This specification does not address all conditions of exposure for individuals who wear protective clothing in the manufacture, transport, compounding, preparation, and administration of liquid chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs in addition to patient care activities and spills where contaminated items with these drugs are encountered.  
1.3 This specification does not address chemotherapy drugs or hazardous drugs that may be encountered in the form of a vapor or aerosol and does not provide any criteria for respiratory protection.  
1.4 This specification does not address the selection, use, or care of protective clothing used for protection against liquid chemotherapy or other liquid hazardous drugs. While this specification does not specifically determine which barrier material to select, the results of the tests described in this specification are useful for selecting barrier materials by comparing the test results among different materials under consideration. See USP 800, Hazardous Drugs—Handling In Healthcare Settings, for specific guidelines on the selection, use, and care of personal protective equipment for protection of healthcare workers against chemotherapy or other hazardous drugs.  
1.5 This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturers or suppliers to make specific claims that protective clothing products provide protection against liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u...

  • Technical specification
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off