ASTM G209-12a
(Practice)Standard Practice for Detecting mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys
Standard Practice for Detecting mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods describe laboratory tests to determine the presence of mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys through comparison of microstructure observed for etched metallographic specimens to a glossary of photomicrographs displaying the presence and absence of mu-phase in the microstructure. The presence of mu-phase in the microstructure may significantly reduce the corrosion resistance, strength, toughness and ductility of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice incorporates etching and metallographic examination of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys such as, but not limited to, UNS N06686 and UNS N10276.
1.2 Microstructures have a strong influence on properties and successful application of metals and alloys. The presence of mu-phase in the microstructure may significantly reduce the corrosion resistance of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys.
1.3 This practice may be used to determine the presence of mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys through comparison of microstructure observed for etched metallographic specimens to a glossary of photomicrographs displaying the presence and absence of mu-phase in the microstructure.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other units are given in parentheses for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: G209 − 12a
StandardPractice for
Detecting mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium,
1
Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G209; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Phase Constituent Content of Metals byAutomatic Image
Analysis
1.1 This practice incorporates etching and metallographic
E1268Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or
examination of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium,
Orientation of Microstructures
Molybdenum-BearingAlloys such as, but not limited to, UNS
G193Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
N06686 and UNS N10276.
1.2 Microstructures have a strong influence on properties
3. Terminology
and successful application of metals and alloys. The presence
3.1 Definitions:
ofmu-phaseinthemicrostructuremaysignificantlyreducethe
3.1.1 The terminology used herein, if not specifically de-
corrosion resistance of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and
fined otherwise, shall be in accordance with Terminology
Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys.
G193. Definitions provided herein and not given in Terminol-
1.3 This practice may be used to determine the presence of
ogy G193 are limited only to this practice.
mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and
3.1.2 For metallographic definitions used in this practice,
Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys through comparison of micro-
refer to Terminology E7.
structure observed for etched metallographic specimens to a
3.1.3 For evaluation of inclusions, secondary phases and
glossary of photomicrographs displaying the presence and
banding, if desired, refer to Practices E1245 and E1268.
absence of mu-phase in the microstructure.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 mu-phase (µ), n—rhombohedral phase which may
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
occur in Nickel-Rich, Chromium, Molybdenum-Bearing Al-
standard. Other units are given in parentheses for information
loysandmayoccurascoarse,irregularplatelets,whichformat
only.
high temperature.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 These test methods describe laboratory tests to deter-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mine the presence of mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys through com-
parison of microstructure observed for etched metallographic
2. Referenced Documents
specimens to a glossary of photomicrographs displaying the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
presence and absence of mu-phase in the microstructure. The
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
presence of mu-phase in the microstructure may significantly
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
reduce the corrosion resistance, strength, toughness and duc-
E7Terminology Relating to Metallography
tility of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-
E1245Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-
Bearing Alloys.
3
5. Sample Preparation and Etching
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on
5.1 Sectioning:
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on
Laboratory Corrosion Tests. 5.1.1 The selection of test specimens for metallographic
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
examination is extremely important because, if their interpre-
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as G209–12. DOI:
tationistobeofvalue,thespecimensmustberepresentativeof
10.1520/G0209–12A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Manning, Paul E., Ph.D., Metallographic Preparation of 686 Etching
the ASTM website. Specimens, Haynes International, Inc., Kokomo, IN, 2011.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G209 − 12a
the material that is being studied and shall be per location E Compression molding techniques may be used with phenolic
(longitudinal section perpendicular to rolled surface) for plate powders to produce the standard 31.7-mm (1¼-in.) diameter
and sheet and per location G (radial longitudinal se
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G209 − 12 G209 − 12a
Standard Practice for
Detecting mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium,
1
Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G209; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice incorporates etching and metallographic examination of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, Molybdenum-
Bearing Alloys such as, but not limited to, UNS N06686 and UNS N10276.
1.2 Microstructures have a strong influence on properties and successful application of metals and alloys. The presence of
mu-phase in the microstructure may significantly reduce the corrosion resistance of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and
Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys.
1.3 This practice may be used to determine the presence of mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-
Bearing Alloys through comparison of microstructure observed for etched metallographic specimens to a glossary of
photomicrographs displaying the presence and absence of mu-phase in the microstructure.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other units are given in parentheses for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
E1245 Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis
E1268 Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures
G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The terminology used herein, if not specifically defined otherwise, shall be in accordance with Terminology G193.
Definitions provided herein and not given in Terminology G193 are limited only to this practice.
3.1.2 For metallographic definitions used in this practice, refer to Terminology E7.
3.1.3 For evaluation of inclusions, secondary phases and banding, if desired, refer to Practices E1245 and E1268.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 mu-phase (μ), n—rhomohedralrhombohedral phase which may occur in Nickel-Rich, Chromium, Molybdenum-Bearing
Alloys and may occur as coarse, irregular platelets, which form at high temperature.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods describe laboratory tests to determine the presence of mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium,
and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys through comparison of microstructure observed for etched metallographic specimens to a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory
Corrosion Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012Nov. 15, 2012. Published May 2012December 2012. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
G209–12. DOI: 10.1520/G0209–12.10.1520/G0209–12A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G209 − 12a
glossary of photomicrographs displaying the presence and absence of mu-phase in the microstructure. The presence of mu-phase
in the microstructure may significantly reduce the corrosion resistance, strength, toughness and ductility of Wrought Nickel-Rich,
Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys.
3
5. Sample Preparation and Etching
5.1 Sectioning:
5.1.1 The selection of test specimens for metallographic examination is extremely important because, if their interpretation is
to be of value, the specimens must be representative of the material that is being studied and shall be per locati
...
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