ASTM D7061-05a

Standard Test Method for Measuring <bdit>n</bdit>-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. This is measured as a separability number (%) by the use of an optical scanning device.
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D 396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D 975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D 2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2005
• ICS: 71.080.10 - Aliphatic hydrocarbons
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7061-05 - Standard Test Method for Measuring <bdit>n</bdit>-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM D7061-06 - Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device
• Effective Date: 01-May-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D7827-19 - Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene from Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Device
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D7061–05a
Standard Test Method for
Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-
Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an
1
Optical Scanning Device
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7061; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement,
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
eitherinthelaboratoryorinthefield,ofhoweasilyasphaltene-
Petroleum Products
containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate
upon addition of heptane. This is measured as a separability
3. Terminology
number (%) by the use of an optical scanning device.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing
3.1.1 asphaltene, n—in petroleum technology, a molecule
heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall
of high molecular mass, high carbon/hydrogen ratio, and
within the scope of this test method are Specification D 396,
containing heteroatoms.
Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D 975, Grade No. 4-D,
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Asphaltenes are found largely in crude
and Specification D 2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refin-
oils and in heavy fuel oils containing residual fractions. They
ery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall
are insoluble in alkanes, such as n-heptane and cetane, but
within the scope of this test method.
soluble in aromatic solvents, such as benzene, toluene, and
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
1-methylnaphthalene.
standard.
3.1.2 compatibility, n—of crude oils or of heavy fuel oils,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the ability of two or more crude oils or fuel oils to blend
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
together within certain concentration ranges without evidence
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of separation, such as the formation of multiple phases.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Incompatible heavy fuel oils or crude
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
oils, when mixed or blended, result in the flocculation or
2. Referenced Documents precipitation of asphaltenes. Some oils may be compatible
2
within certain concentration ranges in specific mixtures, but
2.1 ASTM Standards:
incompatible outside those ranges.
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
3.1.3 flocculation, n—of asphaltenes from crude oils or
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
heavy fuel oils, the aggregation of colloidally dispersed as-
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
phaltenes into visibly larger masses that may or may not settle.
3.1.4 peptization, n—of asphaltenes in crude oils or heavy
fuel oils, the dispersion of asphaltenes to produce a colloidal
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
dispersion.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.1.5 stability reserve, n—in petroleum technology, the
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
property of an oil to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized state
Current edition approved Apr. 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 7061 – 05.
and prevent flocculation of the asphaltenes.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.5.1 Discussion—An oil with a low stability reserve is
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
likelytoundergoflocculationofasphalteneswhenstressed(for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. example, extended heated storage) or blended with a range of
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D7061–05a
other oils.Two oils each with a high stability reserve are likely
to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized state and not lead to
flocculation when blended together.
3.1.6 transmittance, n—of light, the fraction of the incident
light of a given wavelength that is not reflected or absorbed,
but passes through a substance.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 separability number, n—in petroleum technology, the
standard deviation of the average transmittance, determined in
this test method, expresse
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