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ASTM D7061-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device

Standard Test Method for Measuring <bdit>n</bdit>-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. This is measured as a separability number (%) by the use of an optical scanning device.
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D 396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D 975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D 2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2005
ICS
71.080.10 - Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7061-04 - Standard Test Method for Measuring <bdit>n</bdit>-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device
Effective Date
01-Feb-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D7061-05a - Standard Test Method for Measuring <bdit>n</bdit>-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7827-19 - Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene from Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Device
Effective Date
01-Feb-2005

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ASTM D7061-05 - Standard Test Method for Measuring <bdit>n</bdit>-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning DeviceASTM D7061-05 - Standard Test Method for Measuring <bdit>n</bdit>-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device
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ASTM D7061-05 - Standard Test Method for Measuring <bdit>n</bdit>-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:D7061–05
Standard Test Method for
Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of
Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability
1
Number by an Optical Scanning Device
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7061; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, 3.1 Definitions:
eitherinthelaboratoryorinthefield,ofhoweasilyasphaltene- 3.1.1 asphaltene, n—in petroleum technology, a molecule
containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate of high molecular mass, high carbon/hydrogen ratio, and
upon addition of heptane. This is measured as a separability containing heteroatoms.
number (%) by the use of an optical scanning device. 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Asphaltenes are found largely in crude
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing oils and in heavy fuel oils containing residual fractions. They
heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall are insoluble in alkanes, such as n-heptane and cetane, but
within the scope of this test method are Specification D 396, soluble in aromatic solvents, such as benzene, toluene, and
Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D 975, Grade No. 4-D, 1-methylnaphthalene.
and Specification D 2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refin- 3.1.2 compatibility, n—of crude oils or of heavy fuel oils,
ery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall the ability of two or more crude oils or fuel oils to blend
within the scope of this test method. together within certain concentration ranges without evidence
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the of separation, such as the formation of multiple phases.
standard. 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Incompatible heavy fuel oils or crude
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the oils, when mixed or blended, result in the flocculation or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the precipitation of asphaltenes. Some oils may be compatible
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- within certain concentration ranges in specific mixtures, but
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- incompatible outside those ranges.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.3 flocculation, n—of asphaltenes from crude oils or
heavy fuel oils, the aggregation of colloidally dispersed as-
2. Referenced Documents
phaltenes into visibly larger masses that may or may not settle.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.4 peptization, n—of asphaltenes in crude oils or heavy
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
fuel oils, the dispersion of asphaltenes to produce a colloidal
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils dispersion.
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
3.1.5 stability reserve, n—in petroleum technology, the
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and property of an oil to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized state
Petroleum Products
and prevent flocculation of the asphaltenes.
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and 3.1.5.1 Discussion—An oil with a low stability reserve is
Petroleum Products
likelytoundergoflocculationofasphalteneswhenstressed(for
example, extended heated storage) or blended with a range of
other oils.Two oils each with a high stability reserve are likely
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized state and not lead to
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
flocculation when blended together.
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originally 3.1.6 transmittance, n—of light, the fraction of the incident
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 7061 – 04.
light of a given wavelength that is not reflected or absorbed,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
but passes through a substance.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest inform
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ASTM D7827-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene from Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure describes a rapid and sensitive method for estimating the stability reserve of an oil. The stability reserve is estimated in terms of a separability number, where a low value of the separability number indicates that there is a stability reserve within the oil. When the separability number is between 0 to 5, the oil can be considered to have a high stability reserve and asphaltenes are not likely to flocculate. If the separability number is between 5 to 10, the stability reserve in the oil will be much lower. However, asphaltenes are, in this case, not likely to flocculate as long as the oil is not exposed to any worse conditions, such as storing, aging, and heating. If the separability number is above 10, the stability reserve of the oil is very low and asphaltenes will easily flocculate, or have already started to flocculate.  
5.2 This test method can be used by refiners and users of heavy oils, for which this test method is applicable, to estimate the stability reserves of their oils. Hence, this test method can be used by refineries to control and optimize their refinery processes. Consumers of oils can use this test method to estimate the stability reserve of their oils before, during, and after storage.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. The result is a separability number (%). See also Test Method D7061.  
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D7061-19e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure describes a rapid and sensitive method for estimating the stability reserve of an oil. The stability reserve is estimated in terms of a separability number, where a low value of the separability number indicates that there is a stability reserve within the oil. When the separability number is between 0 to 5, the oil can be considered to have a high stability reserve and asphaltenes are not likely to flocculate. If the separability number is between 5 to 10, the stability reserve in the oil will be much lower. However, asphaltenes are, in this case, not likely to flocculate as long as the oil is not exposed to any worse conditions, such as storing, aging, and heating. If the separability number is above 10, the stability reserve of the oil is very low and asphaltenes will easily flocculate, or have already started to flocculate.  
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FIG. 1 Schematic Representation of a Typical Measurement Using an Optical Scanning Device  
5.3 This test method is not intended for predicting whether oils are compatible before mixing, but can be used for determining the separability number of already blended oils. However, oils that show a low separability number are more likely to be compatible with other oils than are oils with high separability numbers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. This is measured as a separability number (%) by the use of an optical scanning device.  
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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