ASTM D2416-84(2015)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Coking Value of Tar and Pitch (Modified Conradson)
Standard Test Method for Coking Value of Tar and Pitch (Modified Conradson)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful for indicating the relative coke-forming propensities and for evaluating and characterizing tars and pitches. This test method can also be used as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coking value of tar and pitch having an ash content not over 0.5 % as determined by Test Method D2415.
1.2 Coking values by this test method are practically the same as those obtained by Test Method D189, but results are more reproducible. The apparatus used is identical, except that an electric furnace is substituted for the gas flame.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation:D2416 −84 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Coking Value of Tar and Pitch (Modified Conradson)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2416; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—SI units formatting was corrected editorially in May 2015.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coking
4.1 This test method is useful for indicating the relative
value of tar and pitch having an ash content not over 0.5 % as
coke-forming propensities and for evaluating and characteriz-
determined by Test Method D2415.
ing tars and pitches. This test method can also be used as one
element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources
1.2 Coking values by this test method are practically the
of supply.
same as those obtained by Test Method D189, but results are
more reproducible. The apparatus used is identical, except that
5. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)
an electric furnace is substituted for the gas flame.
5.1 Crucible—Wide-form, a, either porcelain, glazed
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
throughout, or silica, a; 29 mL to 31 mL capacity, 46 mm to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
49 mm in rim diameter.
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.2 Skidmore Crucible—Iron crucible, b, flanged and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ringed, 65 mL to 82 mL capacity, 53 mm to 57 mm inside and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 60 mm to 67 mm outside diameter of flange, 37 mm to 39 mm
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- in height, supplied with a cover without delivery tubes and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. having the vertical opening closed. The horizontal opening of
about 6.5 mm shall be kept clean. The outside diameter of the
2. Referenced Documents
flat bottom shall be 30 mm to 32 mm.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 Metal Crucible—Spun sheet-iron or nickel crucible, c,
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
with cover; 78 mm to 82 mm in outside diameter at the top,
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petro-
58 mm to 60 mm in height, and approximately 0.8 mm in
leum Products
thickness.At the bottom of this crucible, and level before each
D370 Practice for Dehydration of Oil-Type Preservatives
test,shallbealayerofabout25 mLofsand,orenoughtobring
D2415 Test Method for Ash in Coal Tar and Pitch
the Skidmore crucible, with cover on, nearly to the top of the
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
sheet-iron crucible. The sand shall be dry and screened to pass
Sieves
through a 65-mesh screen and to be retained on a 200-mesh
screen.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.4 WireSupport—Triangle (65 mm) of bare Nichrome wire
3.1 A sample of the tar or pitch is vaporized and pyrolized
1.5 mm to 2.0 mm in cross section, having an opening small
for a specified time at a specified temperature in special
enough to support the bottom of the metal crucible (see 5.3).
standardized equipment that limits the available oxygen sup-
The triangle, d, shall have its arms bent to form a cradle that
ply. The percentage of residue is reported as the coking value.
will support the metal crucible with its bottom level with the
bottom of the insulator (see 5.6).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
5.5 Hood—Circular, sheet-iron, e, from 120 mm to 130 mm
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial.
in diameter, the height of the lower perpendicular side to be
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally
from 50 mm to 53 mm; provided at the top with a chimney
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2416 – 84 (2009).
DOI: 10.1520/D2416-84R15E01.
50 mm to 60 mm in height and 50 mm to 56 mm in inside
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
diameter, which is attached to the lower part having the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
perpendicular sides by a cone-shaped member, bringing the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. total height of the complete hood to 125 mm to 130 mm. The
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D2416−84 (2015)
6. Bulk Sampling
6.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordance
with Practice D140, and shall be free of foreign substances.
Thoroughly mix the sample immediately before removing a
representative portion for the determination or for dehydration.
7. Dehydration of Sample
7.1 Hard Pitch—If the solid bulk sample contains free
water, air-dry a representative portion.
7.2 Soft Pitch—If the presence of water is indicated by
surface foam on heating, maintain a representative portion of
thebulksampleatatemperaturebetween125 °Cand150 °Cin
anopencontaineruntilthesurfaceisfreefromfoam.Takecare
not to overheat, and remove heat source immediately when
foam subsides.
7.3 Tar—Dehydrate a representative portion of the bulk
sample in accordance with Test Method D370, but stop the
distillation when the temperature reaches 170 °C. Separate any
oilfromthewaterthathasdistilledover(ifcrystalsarepresent,
warm sufficiently to ensure their solution), and thoroughly mix
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determining Carbon Residue
the oil with the residual tar in the still after the latter has cooled
to a moderate temperature.
hood may be made from a single piece of metal, providing it
8. Preparation of Working Sample
conforms to foregoing dimensions. A bridge, g, made of
8.1 Hard Pitch—If the pitch can be crushed at room
approximately 3 mm iron or nichrome wire, and having a
temperature, prepare a 20 g working sample by suitable
height of 50 mm above the top of the chimney, shall be
crushing, mixing, and quartering of a representative portion of
attached to handle the chimney when positioning.
the dry sample. The crushing can be done with a small jaw
5.6 Insulator—Ceramic block or refractory ring, f, 150 mm
crusher and a mortar and pestle. No
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2416 − 84 (Reapproved 2009) D2416 − 84 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Coking Value of Tar and Pitch (Modified Conradson)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2416; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—SI units formatting was corrected editorially in May 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coking value of tar and pitch having an ash content not over 0.5 % as
determined by Test Method D2415.
1.2 Coking values by this test method are practically the same as those obtained by Test Method D189, but results are more
reproducible. The apparatus used is identical, except that an electric furnace is substituted for the gas flame.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D370 Practice for Dehydration of Oil-Type Preservatives
D2415 Test Method for Ash in Coal Tar and Pitch
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of the tar or pitch is vaporized and pyrolized for a specified time at a specified temperature in special standardized
equipment that limits the available oxygen supply. The percentage of residue is reported as the coking value.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is useful for indicating the relative coke-forming propensities and for evaluating and characterizing tars
and pitches. This test method can also be used as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply.
5. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)
5.1 Crucible—Wide-form, a, either porcelain, glazed throughout, or silica, a; 2929 mL to 31-mL31 mL capacity, 4646 mm to
49 mm 49 mm in rim diameter.
5.2 Skidmore Crucible—Iron crucible, b, flanged and ringed, 6565 mL to 82-mL82 mL capacity, 5353 mm to 57 mm 57 mm
inside and 6060 mm to 67 mm 67 mm outside diameter of flange, 3737 mm to 39 mm 39 mm in height, supplied with a cover
without delivery tubes and having the vertical opening closed. The horizontal opening of about 6.5 mm 6.5 mm shall be kept clean.
The outside diameter of the flat bottom shall be 3030 mm to 32 mm. 32 mm.
5.3 Metal Crucible—Spun sheet-iron or nickel crucible, c, with cover; 7878 mm to 82 mm 82 mm in outside diameter at the
top, 5858 mm to 60 mm 60 mm in height, and approximately 0.8 mm 0.8 mm in thickness. At the bottom of this crucible, and level
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009April 1, 2015. Published November 2009 May 2015. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D2416–84(2004).D2416 – 84 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D2416-84R09.10.1520/D2416-84R15E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D2416 − 84 (2015)
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determining Carbon Residue
before each test, shall be a layer of about 25 mL 25 mL of sand, or enough to bring the Skidmore crucible, with cover on, nearly
to the top of the sheet-iron crucible. The sand shall be dry and screened to pass through a 65-mesh screen and to be retained on
a 200-mesh screen.
5.4 Wire Support—Triangle (65 mm) (65 mm) of bare Nichrome wire 1.51.5 mm to 2.0 mm 2.0 mm in cross section, having
an opening small enough to support the bottom of the metal crucible (see 5.3). The triangle, d, shall have its arms bent to form
a cradle that will support the metal crucible with its bottom level with the bottom of the insulator (see 5.6).
5.5 Hood—Circular, sheet-iron, e, from 120120 mm to 130 mm 130 mm in diameter, the height of the lower perpendicular side
to be from 5050 mm to 53 mm; 53 mm; provided at the top with a chimney 5050 mm to 60 mm 60 mm in height and 5050 mm
to 56 mm 56 mm in inside diameter, which is attached to the lower part having the perpendicular sides by a cone-shaped member,
bringing the total height of the complete hood to 125125 mm to 130 mm. 130 mm. The hood may be made from a single piece
of metal, providing it conforms to foregoing dimensions. A bridge, g, made of approximately 3 mm 3 mm iron or nichrome wire,
and having a height of 50 mm 50 mm above the top of the chimney, shall be attached to handle the chimney when positioning.
5.6 Insulator—Ceramic block or refractory ring, f, 150150 mm to 175 mm 175 mm in diameter if round, or on a side if square,
3232 mm to 38 mm 38 mm in thickness, provided with an inverted cone-shaped opening through the center; 83 mm 83 mm in
diameter at the bottom and 89 mm 89 mm in diameter at the top.
5.7 Vertical Electric Furnace —Bore a hole in the bottom and insert the thermocouple of the pyrometer controller so that its
junction is centered exactly 38 mm 38 mm below the furnace opening.
5.8 Pyrometer Controller —The pyrometer controller should be checked periodically against a calibrated reference
thermocouple, placed alongside but not touching, to ensure that the furnace is operating at the desired temperature. Appropriate
changes in the controller circuit should be made, when necessary, to maintain the required temperature.
5.9 Sieve—U. S. Standard No. 30 (600-μm),(600 μm), conforming to Specification E11.
6. Bulk Sampling
6.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordance with Practice D140, and shall be free of foreign substances.
Thoroughly mix the sample immediately before removing a representative portion for the determination or for dehydration.
The sole source of supply of a Crucible furnace, Hoskins No. FD104, or equivalent, known to the committee at this time is National Element, Inc., 422 Oliver Stre
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