ASTM D4469-92(1997)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calculating Percent Asphalt Absorption by the Aggregate in an Asphalt Pavement Mixture
Standard Test Method for Calculating Percent Asphalt Absorption by the Aggregate in an Asphalt Pavement Mixture
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides equations for calculating percent asphalt absorption by the aggregate in an asphalt paving mixture, expressed as percent of the oven-dry mass of the aggregate in the paving mixture. This calculation is based on measured values for components and properties of an oven-dry asphalt paving mixture.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4469 – 92 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Test Method for
Calculating Percent Asphalt Absorption by the Aggregate in
an Asphalt Pavement Mixture
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4469; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope aggregate in the paving mixture) can be calculated by means of
equations in which measured values for the theoretical maxi-
1.1 This test method provides equations for calculating
mum specific gravity of an oven-dry paving mixture, its asphalt
percent asphalt absorption by the aggregate in an asphalt
content (expressed either as percent of the total mass of a
paving mixture, expressed as percent of the oven-dry mass of
sample of oven-dry paving mixture, or as percent of the mass
the aggregate in the paving mixture. This calculation is based
of oven-dry aggregate in a sample of oven-dry paving mix-
on measured values for components and properties of an
ture), the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt and the
oven-dry asphalt paving mixture.
weighted average ASTM bulk specific gravity of the oven-dry
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
total aggregate in the paving mixture (Note 1), has been
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
substituted.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—Whenever it is referred to in this test method, the phrase,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
“weighted average ASTM oven-dry bulk specific gravity of the aggre-
gate,” refers to the weighted average of the ASTM oven-dry bulk specific
2. Referenced Documents
gravities of the coarse and fine aggregates as determined by Test Methods
C 127 and C 128. The fine aggregate ordinarily includes the mineral dust
2.1 ASTM Standards:
portion of the fine aggregate that passes the No. 200 sieve. The weighted
C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
average ASTM oven-dry bulk specific gravity of the total aggregate is to
Coarse Aggregate
be calculated by means of the equation given in the calculation section of
C 128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
Test Method C 127.
Fine Aggregate
4. Significance and Use
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates
4.1 The amount of asphalt absorbed by the aggregate
D 1559 Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of
contributes little or nothing to the durability of an asphalt
Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus
pavement in service other than possibly providing greater
D 1560 Test Method for Resistance to Deformation and
resistance to stripping in the presence of water.
Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem
4.2 Percent asphalt absorption can be an indicator of
Apparatus
changes that may occur in plant mix production during
D 2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific
construction.
Gravity of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
4.3 The calculated percent asphalt absorption can be used
D 2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitu-
for calculating percent air voids during paving mixture design.
men from Bituminous Paving Mixtures
5. Procedure
D 3289 Test Method for Specific Gravity or Density of
Semi-Solid and Solid Bituminous Materials by Nickel
5.1 Determine percent asphalt absorption by the aggregate
Crucible in a paving mixture for a sample of oven-dried paving mixture
that is prepared in a laboratory, taken from a pavement, or
3. Summary of Test Method
obtained for quality control during construction.
3.1 The percent asphalt absorption for an oven-dry paving
5.2 Establish percent asphalt absorption by the aggregate in
mixture (expressed as percent of the oven dry mass of the total
a sample of oven-dried paving mixture from values for the
sample that have been obtained in accordance with the follow-
ing ASTM test methods:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road
5.2.1 Test Method D 2041, theoretical maximum specific
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
Aggregate Tests. gravity of the sample of oven-dry paving mixture.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1992. Published May 1992. Originally
5.2.2 Test Methods D 2172, asphalt content. For samples of
published as D 4469 – 85.
paving mixture obtained for quality control during construc-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
tion, or taken from a pavement, determine the asphalt content
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4469
of each sample by Test Methods D 2172. For samples of P G ~100 1 P !~G !
aac ac aac ac
Aac 5 100 1 2 (2)
F G
100 G 100 G
hot-mixed asphalt paving mixture prepared in the laboratory
ag tm
with oven-dried aggregate according to Test Methods D 1559
where:
and D 1560, use the asphalt content that was added during the
P 5 asphalt content as percent of the mass of
aac
preparation of the paving mixture.
the oven- dry total aggregate in a sample of
5.2.3 Test Method D 3289, the apparent specific gravity of
oven-dry paving mixture.
the asphalt in the sample of paving mixture.
and 5 the other symbols have the significance
5.2.4 Test Methods C 127 and C 128, the respective ASTM
designated for them in 6.1.1.
dry bulk specific gravities of the coarse and fine aggregates in
the sample of paving mixture.
NOTE 2—The calculated percent asphalt absorption increases with an
5.2.5 Test Method C 136, to establish the percentages of
increase in theoretical maximum specific gravity of a paving mixture,
coarse and fine aggregates employed for or recovered from the
increases with an increase in its asphalt content, decreases with an
sample of paving mixture, and thereby enable the weighted
increase in the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt, and decreases with
average ASTM oven-dry bulk specific gravity for the total
an increase in the total aggregate’s weighted average ASTM oven-dry
aggregate in the sample of paving mixture to be calculated
bulk specific gravity.
(using the equation given in the calculation section of Test
7. Report
Method C 127).
7.1 Report asphalt absorption as percent of the oven-dry
6. Calculation
mass of the total aggregate in the sample of oven-dry paving
mixture to the nearest 0.1 %.
6.1 Paving Mixtures for Which Asphalt Content is Ex-
7.2 Report the value for each of the four variables that are
pressed as Percent by Mass of the Total Mix in a Sample of
included either in Eq 1 or Eq 2 as follows:
Oven-Dry Paving Mixture:
7.2.1 Theoretical maximum specific gravity of the ovendry
6.1.1 When the values for the various items in 5.2 become
sample of paving mixture.
available, calculate the asphalt absorption as percent of the
7.2.2 Asphalt content as percent of the mass of the oven dry
oven-dry mass of the total aggregate in the sample of ovendry
sample of paving mixture, Eq 1, or asphalt content as percent
paving mixture, by substituting the relevant values in the
of the mass of the oven-dry total aggregate in a sample of
following equation:
oven-dry paving mixture, Eq 2.
P G 100G
tac ac ac
Aac 5 100 1 2 (1) 7.2.3 Apparent specific gravity of the asphalt in the sample
F G
100 2 P G ~100 2 P !G
tac ag tac tm
of paving mixture.
7.2.4 Weighted average ASTM oven-dry bulk specific grav-
where:
Aac 5 absorbed asphalt as percent by mass of the oven-dry ity for the total aggregate in the sample of paving mixture.
aggregate.
8. Precision and Bias
P 5 asphalt content as percent by mass of the total mix
tac
in the sample of oven-dry paving mixture. 8.1 Both Eq 1 and Eq 2 for calculating asphalt absorption as
G 5 apparent specific gravity of the asphalt in the percent of the mass of oven-dry aggregate in a sample of
ac
paving mixture sample. oven-dry paving mixture are mathematically exact.
G 5 weighted average ASTM oven-dry bulk specific
8.2 The precision of the reported value for percent asphalt
ag
gravity of the total aggregate in the sample of
absorption depends on the accuracy of the value measured for
paving mixture.
each of the four variables that are included in either Eq 1 or Eq
G 5 theoretical maximum spe
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