ASTM D8-19
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
SCOPE
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Section 3 of Terminology D8. Terms that were historically part of this terminology but never appeared, or no longer appear, in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 are listed in Appendix X1. The terms in Appendix X1 are not maintained and updated by Subcommittee D04.91. The terms in Appendix X1 are available for reference purposes only. The terminology in Appendix X1 may not reflect current practices, standards, and technology used in materials for roads and pavements.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D8 − 19
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity, API
Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic
Method
definitions of terms specifically associated with road and
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four
paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used
Fractions
within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
and Paving Materials.
D5505 PracticeforClassifyingEmulsifiedRecyclingAgents
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of
the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Section
Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
3 of Terminology D8. Terms that were historically part of this
D6995 Test Method for Determining Field VMA based on
terminology but never appeared, or no longer appear, in more
the Maximum Specific Gravity of the Mix (G )
mm
than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 are
listed in Appendix X1. The terms in Appendix X1 are not 3. Terminology
maintained and updated by Subcommittee D04.91. The terms
agency, n—an organization, company, bureau, or other entity
in Appendix X1 are available for reference purposes only. The
engaged in testing, sampling, or inspection of road and
terminology in Appendix X1 may not reflect current practices,
paving materials.
standards, and technology used in materials for roads and
pavements. aggregate, n—a granular material used as a construction
material, meeting the requirements of road and paving
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
applications.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
DISCUSSION—Examples of aggregate include sand, gravel, shell, slag,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and crushed stone. See coarse aggregate and fine aggregate for more
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
information.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. air voids (Pa), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-
coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt
2. Referenced Documents
mix, expressed as a percent of the total volume of the
2
sample.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
DISCUSSION—A variable previously used for this term was Va.
D242/D242M Specification for Mineral Filler for Asphalt
Mixtures
anionic emulsified asphalt (anionic emulsion), n—a type of
D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-
emulsified asphalt such that a particular emulsifying agent
Curing Type)
establishes a predominance of negative charges on the
D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt
discontinuous phase.
(Medium-Curing Type)
API gravity, n—a function of specific gravity represented by
D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-
the equation in Test Method D3142/D3142M.
Curing Type)
DISCUSSION—A specific gravity scale developed by the American
Petroleum Institute (API) used to compare how heavy or light a
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
petroleum liquid is compared to water.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally
obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8 – 18c. DOI:
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
10.1520/D0008-19.
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D8−19
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness cha
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8 − 18c D8 − 19
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving
materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving
Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Section 3
of Terminology D8. Terms that were historically part of this terminology but never appeared, or no longer appear, in more than
one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 are listed in Appendix X1. The terms in Appendix X1 are not maintained
and updated by Subcommittee D04.91. The terms in Appendix X1 are available for reference purposes only. The terminology in
Appendix X1 may not reflect current practices, standards, and technology used in materials for roads and pavements.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D242/D242M Specification for Mineral Filler for Asphalt Mixtures
D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)
D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)
D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)
D3142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer Method
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four Fractions
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
D6995 Test Method for Determining Field VMA based on the Maximum Specific Gravity of the Mix (G )
mm
3. Terminology
agency, n—an organization, company, bureau, or other entity engaged in testing, sampling, or inspection of road and paving
materials.
aggregate, n—a granular material used as a construction material, meeting the requirements of road and paving applications.
DISCUSSION—
Examples of aggregate include sand, gravel, shell, slag, and crushed stone. See coarse aggregate and fine aggregate for more information.
air voids (Pa), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt mix, expressed
as a percent of the total volume of the sample.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2018Aug. 1, 2019. Published January 2019August 2019. Originally approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8
– 18b.18c. DOI: 10.1520/D0008-18C.10.1520/D0008-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8 − 19
DISCUSSION—
A variable previously used for this term was Va.
anionic emulsified asphalt (anionic emulsion), n—a type of emulsified asphalt such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes
a predominance of negative charges on the discontinuous phase.
API gravity, n—a function of specific gravity represented by the equation in Test Method D3142/D3142M.
DISCUSSION—
A specific gravity scale developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) used to compare how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to
water.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the follow
...
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