ASTM D2208-16

Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Leather by the Grab Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the strength of leather is often necessary in order to determine its suitability for its intended application. This test method is recommended for use on light, soft leathers, narrow strap, welt, lace and round belt leathers as well as others that cannot be accurately tested by Test Method D2209.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength of leather by the grab method. It is intended for use on light, soft leathers; boarded, sueded, or embossed leathers tested on a specimen in the form of a rectangle piece; narrow strap, welt, lace, and round belt leathers; or other leathers that cannot be accurately tested by Test Method D2209. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The test method is not recommended for breaking loads over 500 lbf (2200 N) because of slippage of the specimen in the jaws.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2016
• ICS: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.05 - Upholstery

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2208 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Strength of Leather by the Grab Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2208; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this standard,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-
refer to Terminology D1517.
ingstrengthofleatherbythegrabmethod.Itisintendedforuse
on light, soft leathers; boarded, sueded, or embossed leathers
4. Summary of Test Method
tested on a specimen in the form of a rectangle piece; narrow
strap, welt, lace, and round belt leathers; or other leathers that 4.1 The leather specimen is clamped in the test machine as
described in Test Method D2209. The force required to rupture
cannot be accurately tested by Test Method D2209. This test
method does not apply to wet blue. the leather at a jaw separation of 10 6 2 in./min is measured,
along with the percent elongation at rupture.
1.2 The test method is not recommended for breaking loads
over 500 lbf (2200 N) because of slippage of the specimen in
5. Significance and Use
the jaws.
5.1 The measurement of the strength of leather is often
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
necessary in order to determine its suitability for its intended
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
application. This test method is recommended for use on light,
information only. soft leathers, narrow strap, welt, lace and round belt leathers as
well as others that cannot be accurately tested by Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D2209.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—The face of one jaw of each clamp shall measure 1 by 1 in.
1
(25.4 by 25.4 mm) and that of the other shall measure 1 by 1 ⁄2 (25.4 by
2. Referenced Documents
38 mm) or more for testing specimens wider than the jaws only.
2
6.2 ThicknessGage—Adead-masstypeofthicknessgageas
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1517 Terminology Relating to Leather described in Test Method D1813.
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
6.3 Steel Scale, graduated to read in 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
ucts for Testing
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
Test Specimens
7.1 For testing specimens wider than the jaws, the specimen
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
forwide,flatleathersshallbeasmallpieceofleather6in.(152
D2211 Test Method for Elongation of Leather
mm) long and 3 in. (76 mm) wide. The direction of the long
dimension relative to the backbone shall be noted.
7.2 For testing specimens cut from narrow strip, the speci-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
men for narrow strap, welting, lace, and round belt leathers
and is the direct responsibility of D31.05 on Upholstery. This test method was
shall be a piece of leather 6 in. (152 mm) long.
developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standards
Method E16–1965).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
8. Conditioning
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2208–00 (2016).
8.1 Conditions as described in Practice D1610.
DOI: 10.1520/D2208-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
9. Procedure
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 9.1 For Testing Specimens Wider than the Jaws:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2208 − 16
9.1.1 Measure the thickness of the specimen to the nearest 10.1.1 Thickness to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm),
0.001 in. (0.025 mm) in three places: at the center and on the reported for each specimen or averaged and reported as the
long axis 1 in. (25.4 mm) each side of the center. thickness of the sample, and
9.1.2 The distance between the grips at the start of the test 10.1.2 Breaking strength to the nearest 1 lbf (or 1 N),
1
reported for each specimen or ave
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2208 − 00 (Reapproved 2010) D2208 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Strength of Leather by the Grab Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2208; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength of leather by the grab method. It is intended for use on
light, soft leathers; boarded, sueded, or embossed leathers tested on a specimen in the form of a rectangle piece; narrow strap, welt,
lace, and round belt leathers; or other leathers that cannot be accurately tested by Test Method D2209. This test method does not
apply to wet blue.
1.2 The test method is not recommended for breaking loads over 500 lbf (2200 N) because of slippage of the specimen in the
jaws.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1517 Terminology Relating to Leather
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
D2211 Test Method for Elongation of Leather
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1517.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The leather specimen is clamped in the test machine as described in Test Method D2209. The force required to rupture the
leather at a jaw separation of 10 6 2 in./min is measured, along with the percent elongation at rupture.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The measurement of the strength of leather is often necessary in order to determine its suitability for its intended application.
This test method is recommended for use on light, soft leathers, narrow strap, welt, lace and round belt leathers as well as others
that cannot be accurately tested by Test Method D2209.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
1
NOTE 1—The face of one jaw of each clamp shall measure 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) and that of the other shall measure 1 by 1 ⁄2 (25.4 by 38 mm)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of D31.05 on Upholstery. This test method was developed
in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standards Method E16–1965).
Current edition approved April 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2016. Published May 2010October 2016. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D2208–00 (2005).(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D2208-00R10.10.1520/D2208-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2208 − 16
or more for testing specimens wider than the jaws only.
6.2 Thickness Gage—A dead-mass type of thickness gage as described in Test Method D1813.
6.3 Steel Scale, graduated to read in 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
7.1 For testing specimens wider than the jaws, the specimen for wide, flat leathers shall be a small piece of leather 6 in. (152
mm) long and 3 in. (76 mm) wide. The direction of the long dimension relative to the backbone shall be noted.
7.2 For testing specimens cut from narrow strip, the specimen for narrow strap, welting, lace, and round belt leathers shall be
a piece of leather 6 in. (152 mm) long.
8. Conditioning
8.1 All samples shall be conditioned for 48 h in standard atmospheric conditioning and tested under these conditions Conditions
as described in Practice D1610.
9. Procedure
9.1 For Testing Spe
...