ASTM G153-04(2010)

Standard Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property changes associated with the end use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These exposures may include a means to introduce moisture to the test specimen. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. Alternatively, the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight through window glass. Typically, these exposures would include moisture in the form of humidity.
Cautions—Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering devices.
Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use of this practice unless accompanied by a report detailing the specific operating conditions in conformance with Section 10.
It is recommended that a similar material of known performance, a control, be exposed simultaneously with the test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed in each test to allow for statistical evaluation of results.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using enclosed carbon-arc light and water apparatus intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual use. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested.
Note 1—Practice G151 describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces Practice , which describes very specific designs for devices used for carbon-arc exposures. The apparatus described in Practice  is covered by this practice.
1.2 Test specimens are exposed to enclosed carbon arc light under controlled environmental conditions.
1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in various methods or specifications for specific materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1. More specific information about methods for determining the change in properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in ISO 4582.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the operation of the light source, it shall be carried away from the test specimens and operating personnel by an exhaust system.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2010
• ICS: 19.040 - Environmental testing
• Technical Committee: G03 - Weathering and Durability
• Drafting Committee: G03.03 - Simulated and Controlled Exposure Tests

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM G153-04 - Standard Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D5031/D5031M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM G155-21 - Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D1499-13(2021) - Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D1248-16 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM G151-19 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D4363-22 - Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Jacket for Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6360-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D2219-21 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Insulation for Wire and Cable, 60 °C Operation
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F1665-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Other Conforming Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Barbed Wire Used With Chain-Link Fence
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM G156-17 - Standard Practice for Selecting and Characterizing Weathering Reference Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E2513-07(2019)e1 - Standard Specification for Multi-Story Building External Evacuation Platform Rescue Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM G141-09(2021) - Standard Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G153 − 04 (Reapproved2010)
Standard Practice for
Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for
Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G153; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
procedures for using enclosed carbon-arc light and water D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
apparatus intended to reproduce the weathering effects that
occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual
use. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, G23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure. A number
of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this of Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited
for the material to be tested. ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-
NOTE 1—Practice G151 describes performance criteria for all exposure
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
devices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces Practice
G23,whichdescribesveryspecificdesignsfordevicesusedforcarbon-arc 2.2 ISO Standards:
exposures. The apparatus described in Practice G23 is covered by this
ISO 4582 Plastics—Determination of the Changes of Colour
practice.
and Variations in Properties After Exposure to Daylight
1.2 Test specimens are exposed to enclosed carbon arc light
Under Glass, Natural Weathering or Artificial Light
under controlled environmental conditions.
ISO 4892-1 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
Light Sources, Part 1, General Guidance
1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are
ISO 4892-4 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
covered in various methods or specifications for specific
Light Sources, Part 4, Open-Flame Carbon Arc Lamp
materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO
2.3 CIE Standards:
4892-1. More specific information about methods for deter-
CIE-Publ. No. 85: Recommendations for the Integrated Ir-
mining the change in properties after exposure and reporting
radiance and the Spectral Distribution of Simulated Solar
these results is described in ISO 4582.
Radiation for Testing Purposes
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—The definitions that are applicable to this
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
practice are provided in Terminology G113.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 As used in this practice, the term sunlight is identical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to the terms daylight and solar irradiance, global as they are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
defined in Terminology G113.
1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the operation of
the light source, it shall be carried away from the test
specimens and operating personnel by an exhaust system.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G03 on Weathering The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.03 on www.astm.org.
Simulated and Controlled Exposure Tests. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as G153 – 04. DOI: Available from Secretary, U.S. National Committee, CIE, National Institute of
10.1520/G0153-04R10. Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G153 − 04 (2010)
4. Summary of Practice partiesaslongasthefiltertypeisreportedinconformancewith
the report section in Practice G151.
4.1 Specimens are exposed to repetitive cycles of light and
6.1.2 Theemissionspectraoftheenclosedcarbonarcshows
moisture under controlled environmental conditions. Moisture
strong emission in the long wavelength ultraviolet region.
usually is produced by spraying the test specimen with
Emissions in the visible, infrared, and short wavelength ultra-
demineralized/deionized water or by condensation of water
violet below 350 nm generally are weaker than in sunlight (see
vapor onto the specimen.
Table 1).
4.2 The exposure condition may be varied by selection of
6.1.3 The following factors can affect the spectral power
the following:
distribution of enclosed carbon arc light sources:
4.2.1 Filter,
6.1.3.1 Differences in the composition and thickness of
4.2.2 The type of moisture exposure,
filterscanhavelargeeffectsontheamountofshortwavelength
4.2.3 The timing of the light and moisture exposure,
UV radiation transmitted.
4.2.4 The temperature of light exposure, and
6.1.3.2 Aging (solarization) of filters can result in changes
4.2.5 The timing of a light/dark cycle.
in filter transmission. The aging properties of filters can be
4.3 Comparisonofresultsobtainedfromspecimensexposed influenced by the composition. Aging of filters can result in a
significant reduction in the short wavelength UV emission of a
in same model of apparatus should not be made unless
reproducibility has been established among devices for the burner.
6.1.3.3 Accumulation of dirt or other residue on filters can
material to be tested.
affect filter transmission.
4.4 Comparisonofresultsobtainedfromspecimensexposed
6.1.3.4 Differences in chemical composition of carbons.
in different models of apparatus should not be made unless
6.1.4 Spectral Irradiance for Enclosed Carbon with Day-
correlationhasbeenestablishedamongdevicesforthematerial
light Filters—The data in Table 1 are representative of the
to be tested.
spectral irradiance received by a test specimen mounted in the
specimen plane.
5. Significance and Use
6.2 Test Chamber—The design of the test chamber may
5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property
vary, but it should be constructed from corrosion resistant
changes associated with the end use conditions, including the
material, and in addition to the radiant source, may provide for
effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These exposures may
means of controlling temperature and relative humidity. When
include a means to introduce moisture to the test specimen.
required, provision shall be made for the spraying of water on
Exposuresarenotintendedtosimulatethedeteriorationcaused
by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric
pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.
TABLE 1 Typical Relative Spectral Power Distribution for
Alternatively,theexposuremaysimulatetheeffectsofsunlight
A,B
Enclosed Carbon-Arc with Daylight Filters
through window glass. Typically, these exposures would in-
Spectral Bandpass Typical Benchmark Solar
C D,E,F
clude moisture in the form of humidity.
Wavelength λ in nm Percent Radiation Percent
λ < 290 0.0
5.2 Cautions—Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary
290# λ# 320 0.1 5.8
guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering devices.
320 < λ# 360 19.9 40.0
360 < λ# 400 80.1 54.2
5.2.1 Variation in results may be expected when operating
A
conditionsarevariedwithintheacceptedlimitsofthispractice.
Data in Table 1 are the irradiance in the given bandpass expressed as a
percentage of the total irradiance from 290 to 400 nm. Annex A1 states how to
Therefore,noreferenceshallbemadetoresultsfromtheuseof
determine relative spectral irradiance.
this practice unless accompanied by a report detailing the
B
The data in Table 1 is representative and is based on the rectangular integration
specific operating conditions in conformance with Section 10.
ofthespectralpowerdistributionsenclosedcarbonarcswithdaylightfilters.There
is not enough data available to establish a meaningful specification.
5.2.2 It is recommended that a similar material of known
C
For any individual spectral power distribution, the calculated percentage for the
performance, a control, be exposed simultaneously with the
bandpasses in Table 1 will sum to 100 %. Test results can be expected to differ
test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes. betweenexposuresusingenclosedcarbonarcdevicesinwhichthespectralpower
distributionsdifferbyasmuchasthatallowedbythetolerancestypicalfordaylight
It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material
filters. Contact the manufacturer of the enclosed carbon-arc devices for specific
evaluated be exposed in each test to allow for statistical
spectral power distribution data for the enclosed carbon-arc and filters used.
D
evaluation of results. The benchmark solar radiation data is defined in ASTM G177 and is for
atmospheric conditions and altitude chosen to maximize the short wavelength UV
fraction of solar UV. While this data is provided for comparison purposes only, it is
6. Apparatus
desirable for a laboratory accelerated light source with daylight filters to provide a
spectrum that is a close match to this solar spectrum.
6.1 Laboratory Light Source—Enclosed carbon arc light
E
Previous versions of this standard used solar radiation data fromTable 4 of CIE
sources typically use carbon rods which contain a mixture of
Publication Number 85. See Appendix X2 for more information comparing the
metal salts. An electric current is passed between the carbon
solar radiation data used in this standard with that for CIE 85 Table 4.
F
For the benchmark solar spectrum, the UV irradiance (290 to 400 nm) is 9.8 %
rods which burn and give off ultraviolet, visible, and infrared
and the visible irradiance (400 to 800 nm) is 90.2 % expressed as a percentage of
radiation. Use carbon rods recommended by the device manu-
the total irradiance from 290 to 800 nm. The percentages of UV and visible
facturer. irradiances on samples exposed in enclosed carbon-arc devices may vary due to
thenumberandreflectancepropertiesofspecimensbeingexposed.Thisisbased
6.1.1 Filter—The most commonly used filters are borosili-
on measurements in xenon-arc devices but similar measurements have not been
cate glass globes which fit around the carbon burners. Other
made in enclosed carbon-arc devices.
filters may be used by mutual agreement by the interested
G153 − 04 (2010)
the test specimen or for the formation of condensate on the test results. Corrosion resistant alloys of aluminum or stainless
exposed face of the specimen. steel have been found acceptable. Brass, steel, or copper shall
6.2.1 The radiant source(s) shall be located with respect to not be used in the vicinity of the test specimens.
the specimens such that the irradiance at the specimen face 6.6.1 The specimen holders typically, but not necessarily,
complies with the requirements in Practice G151. are mounted on a revolving cylindrical rack, which is rotated
around the light source at a speed dependent on the type of
6.3 Instrument Calibration—To ensure standardization and
equipment, and which is centered both horizontally and verti-
accuracy, the instruments associated with the exposure
callywithrespecttotheexposureareainthespecimenholders.
apparatus, for example, timers, thermometers, wet bulb
6.6.2 Specimen holders may be in the form of an open
sensors, dry bulb sensors, humidity sensors, UV sensors and
frame, leaving the back of the specimen exposed, or they may
radiometers, require periodic calibration to ensure repeatability
provide the specimen with a solid backing. Any backing used
of test results. Whenever possible, calibration should be
may affect test results and shall be agreed upon in advance
traceable to national or international standards. Calibration
between the interested parties.
schedule and procedure should be in accordance with manu-
facturer’s instructions. 6.7 Apparatus to Assess Changes in Properties—Use the
apparatus required by the ASTM or other standard that
6.4 Thermometer—Either insulated or uninsulated black or
describes determination of the property or properties being
white panel thermometers may be used. Thermometers shall
monitored.
conform to the descriptions found in Practice G151. The type
of thermometer used, the method of mounting on specimen
7. Test Specimen
holder, and the exposure temperature shall be stated in the test
report. 7.1 Refer to Practice G151.
6.4.1 Somespecificationsmayrequirechamberairtempera-
ture control. Positioning and calibration of chamber air tem- 8. Test Conditions
perature sensors shall be in accordance with the descriptions
8.1 Any exposure conditions may be used, as long as the
found in Practice G151.
exact conditions are detailed in the report. Appendix X1 lists
some representative exposure conditions. These are not neces-
NOTE 2—Typically, these devices control by black panel temperature
only.
sarily preferred and no recommendation is implied. These
conditions are provided for reference only.
6.4.2 The thermometer shall be mounted on the specimen
rack so that its surface is in the relative position and subjected
9. Procedure
to the same influences as the test specimens.
9.1 Identify each test specimen by suitable indelible
6.5 Moisture—The test specimens may be exposed to mois-
marking, but not on areas to be used in testing.
tureintheformofwaterspray,condensation,orhighhumidity.
6.5.1 Water Spray—Thetestchambermaybeequippedwith
9.2 Determine which property of the test specimens will be
a means to introduce intermittent water spray onto the test
evaluated. Prior to exposing the specimens, quantify the
specimens under specified conditions. The spray shall be
appropriatepropertiesinaccordancewithrecognizedASTMor
applied so that the specimens are uniformly
...