ASTM D3276-00
(Guide)Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)
Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to painting inspectors in carrying out their task efficiently. It includes the key elements of surface preparation, coatings application, and final approval for both field and shop work. The items should be selected that are pertinent to the specification of a particular job. Note 1-For additional helpful information, refer to the following documents: Manual of Coating Work for Light-Water Nuclear Power Plant Primary Containment and Other Safety-Related Facilities New Concepts for Coating Protection of Steel Structures SSPC-PA Guide 3 A Guide to Safety in Paint Application Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 1 Good Painting Practice Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 2 Systems and Specifications Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to the inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application) Material Safety Data Sheets (needed to ensure that personnel take necessary precautions in handling hazardous materials).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This guide is arranged in the following order: Section Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards 2.1 OSHA Standards 2.2 Steel Structures Painting Council Pub- lications 2.3 Significance and Use 3 Preparation for Inspection 4 Field and Shop Inspection 5 Surface Preparation 5.1 Pictorial Standard D 2200 5.1.1 Factors Affecting Coating Perform- ance 5.2 Cleanliness 5.2.1 Mill Scale 5.2.2 Surface Profile 5.2.3 Cleaning Procedure 5.3 Chemical Cleaning 5.3.1 Solvent Vapor Cleaning 5.3.1.1 Hand Tool Cleaning 5.3.2 Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.3 Blast Cleaning 5.3.4 Cleaning and Preparation of Various Surfaces 5.4 Steel Surfaces 5.4.1 Galvanized Surfaces 5.4.2 Aluminum Surfaces 5.4.3 Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and Previously Painted Surfaces 5.4.4 Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting 5.5 New Construction 5.5.1 Maintenance Repainting 5.5.2 Inspection Equipment 6 General 6.1 Surface Profile Gages 6.1.1 Adhesion of Existing Coating 6.1.2 Portable Pull-off Adhesion Testers 6.1.3 Field Inspection Equipment 6.2 Drying and Curing Times 6.2.1 Thermometers 6.2.1.1 Dew Point 6.2.1.2 Coating Consistency 6.2.2 Consistency Cups 6.2.2.1 Weight-per-Gallon Cup 6.2.3 Wet-Film Thickness Gages 6.2.4 Interchemical Gage 6.2.4.1 Notched Gage 6.2.4.2 Dry-Film Thickness Gages 6.2.5 Tooke Gage 6.2.5.1 Nondestructive Film Thickness Gages 6.2.6 Magnetic-Type Gages 6.2.6.1 Coating Storage and Handling 7 Storage of Coating and Thinner 7.1 Mixing of Coatings 7.2 Thinning 7.3 Initial Samples 7.3.1 Thinning of Coating 7.3.2 Sampling of Thinned Coating 7.3.3 Heating of Coating 7.4 Weather Considerations 8 Drying 8.1 Low Temperature 8.2 High Temperature 8.3 Moisture 8.4 Wind 8.5 Coating Application 9 Residual Contaminants 9.1 Quality Assurance 9.2 Film Defects 9.2.1 Brush Application 9.3 Spray Application 9.4 Roller Application 9.5 Miscellaneous Methods 9.6 Rate of Application 9.7 Additional Considerations 10 Ventilation 10.1 Shopcoat Repair 10.2 Painting Schedule 10.3 Film Integrity 10.4 Recoat Time 10.5 Coating System Failure 10.6 Comparison of Surface Preparation Specifications Table 1 Inspection Checklist Appendix
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3276–00
Standard Guide for
Painting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to painting
1.5 This guide is arranged in the following order:
inspectors in carrying out their task efficiently. It includes the
Section
key elements of surface preparation, coatings application, and
Referenced Documents 2
final approval for both field and shop work. The items should
ASTM Standards 2.1
be selected that are pertinent to the specification of a particular
OSHA Standards 2.2
Steel Structures Painting Council Publications 2.3
job.
International Standards Organization (ISO) 2.4
Significance and Use 3
NOTE 1—For additional helpful information, refer to the following
Preparation for Inspection 4
documents:
Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements 5
Manual of Coating Work for Light-Water Nuclear Power Plant Primary
Surface Preparation 5.1
Containment and Other Safety-Related Facilities
Pictorial Standard D 2200 5.1.1
New Concepts for Coating Protection of Steel Structures
Factors Affecting Coating Performance 5.2
D16 Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Cleanliness 5.2.1
Mill Scale 5.2.2
Products
Surface Profile 5.2.3
D4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coatings and Lining Work
Cleaning Procedures 5.3
for Power Generation Facilities
Chemical Cleaning 5.3.1
SSPC-PA Guide 3 A Guide to Safety in Paint Application
Solvent Vapor Cleaning 5.3.1.1
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 1 Good Painting Practice
Hand Tool Cleaning 5.3.2
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 2 Systems and Specifications Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.3
Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal 5.3.4
Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to the
Blast Cleaning 5.3.5
inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application)
Pressurized Water Cleaning 5.3.6
Material Safety Data Sheets (needed to ensure that personnel take
Cleaning and Preparation of Various Surfaces 5.4
necessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). Available from
Steel Surfaces 5.4.1
Materials manufacturer.
Galvanized Surfaces 5.4.2
Aluminum Surfaces 5.4.3
1.2 Certain industries or owners may require certified in-
Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and Previously
spection personnel. See Guide D4537 for establishing proce-
Painted Surfaces 5.4.4
Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting 5.5
dures to certify inspectors for coatings work in nuclear
New Construction 5.5.1
facilities.
Maintenance Repainting 5.5.2
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Coating Storage and Handling 6
Storage of Coating and Thinner 6.1
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Mixing of Coatings 6.2
only.
Thinning 6.3
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Initial Samples 6.3.1
Thinning of Coating 6.3.2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Sampling of Thinned Coating 6.3.3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Heating of Coating 6.4
Weather Considerations 7
Drying 7.1
Low Temperature 7.2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
High Temperature 7.3
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Moisture 7.4
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
Wind 7.5
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally Coating Application 8
published as D3276–73. Last previous edition D3276–96. Residual Contaminants 8.1
Quality Assurance 8.2
ASTM, 1979.
Film Defects 8.2.1
ASTM STP 841, ASTM, 1984.
Brush Application 8.3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Spray Application 8.4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
Roller Application 8.5
Available from SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street,
Miscellaneous Methods 8.6
Pittsburgh, PA 15222.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3276–00
D4414 PracticeforMeasurementofWetFilmThicknessby
Rate of Application 8.7
Additional Considerations 9
Notch Gages
Ventilation 9.1
D4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface
Shopcoat Repair 9.2
Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
Painting Schedule 9.3
Film Integrity 9.4
D4537 Guide for Establishing Procedures to Qualify and
Recoat Time 9.5
Certify Inspection Personnel for Coating Work in Nuclear
Coating System Failure 9.6
Facilities
Inspection Equipment 10
General 10.1
D4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coatings and
Surface Profile Gages 10.1.1
Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
Adhesion of Existing Coating 10.1.2
Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers 10.1.3 D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings
Field Inspection Equipment 10.2
Using Portable Adhesion Testers
Drying and Curing Times 10.2.1
D5064 Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to Access
Thermometers 10.2.1.1
Relative Humidity and Dew Point 10.2.1.2 Coating Compatibility
Coating Consistency 10.2.2
D5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of
Consistency Cups 10.2.2.1
Nonconductive Protective Coating on Metal Substrates
Weight-per-Gallon Cup 10.2.3
2.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Wet-Film Thickness Gages 10.2.4
Interchemical Gage 10.2.4.1
(OSHA) Standard:
Notched Gage 10.2.4.2
29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication
Dry-Film Thickness Gages 10.2.5
Nondestructive Film Thickness Gages 10.2.5.1 2.3 SSPC Standards:
Magnetic-Type Gages 10.2.5.2
SSPC-SP 1 Solvent Cleaning
Current-Type Gages 10.2.5.3
SSPC-SP 2 Hand Tool Cleaning
Tooke Gage 10.2.5.4
Holiday Detectors 10.2.6 SSPC-SP 3 Power Tool Cleaning
Comparison of Surface Preparation
SSPC-SP 5/NACE 1 White Metal Blast Cleaning
Specifications Table 1
SSPC-SP 6/NACE 3 Commercial Blast Cleaning
Inspection Checklist Appendix
X1
SSPC-SP 7/NACE 4 Brush-off Blast Cleaning
SSPC-SP 10/NACE 2 Near-White Blast Cleaning
SSPC-SP 11 Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal
SSPC-SP12/NACE 5 Surface Preparation and Cleaning of
2. Referenced Documents
Steel and Other Hard Materials by High- and Ultrahigh-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Pressure Water Jetting Prior to Recoating
D16 Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and
SSPC-PA 1 Paint Application Specifications
Related Products
SSPC-PA 2 Measurement of Paint Thickness with Mag-
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
netic Gages
Dry-Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
SSPC-Vis 1-89 Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for
a Ferrous Base
Painting Steel Surfaces
D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-
SSPC-Vis 3 Visual Standard for Power- and Hand-Tool
ness of Organic Coatings
Cleaned Steel
D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
SSPC-Paint 27 Basic Zinc Chromate-Vinyl Butyral Wash
DryFilmThicknessofNonconductiveCoatingsAppliedto
Primer
a Nonferrous Base
SSPC-Guide 6 Guide for Containing Debris Generated
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
During Paint Removal Operations
and Related Products
SSPC-Guide 7 Guide for the Disposal of Lead Contami-
D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
nated Surface Preparation Debris
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D2092 Guide for Treatment of Zinc-Coated (galvanized)
3. Significance and Use
Steel Surfaces for Painting
3.1 Thisguideisintendedasareferenceforthoseconcerned
D2200 PictorialSurfacePreparationStandardsforPainting
with the inspection of industrial coating work. Many of the
Steel Surfaces
details covered may be in a specification for a particular
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape
project.Aspecification for coating projects should include the
Test
coatings to be used.Achecklist for use in the field is included
D4138 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry Film Thick-
as an appendix.
nessofProtectiveCoatingSystemsbyDestructiveMeans
D4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity
4. Preparation for Inspection
Cups
4.1 The guide describes the duties of the inspector and
D4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-
discusses inspection methods, both visual and instrumental,
pressed Air
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05. Office, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328.
D3276–00
that can be used to determine that the specification require- type and size of the abrasive used. Coarser abrasives generally
ments have been met by the painting contractor. produce a coarser and deeper profile. Deep profiles are advan-
4.2 Before painting is started the project engineer should
tageous for adhesion, but require more coating to fill in the
provide the inspector with information from the official plans
valleys and cover the peaks of the profile; they cannot be used
andspecificationsastocoatingtype,thinnertobeused,mixing
with low-build coatings that do not cover the peaks even when
ratios to be used, specified application thickness, primer, tie
severalcoatsareapplied.Ageneralrecommendationisthatthe
coat, topcoat, time between coats, surface preparation, method
surfaceprofileshouldbeonequartertoonethirdofthedryfilm
ofapplication,andanyspecialprecautionstobefollowedsuch
thicknessofthecoatingsystem.Thisrecommendationdoesnot
as limits on ambient conditions. These details should be
applyiftheresultingprofilewouldbetoogreat.Theangularity
recorded in an inspector’s record book to eliminate any
(sharpness) and density of the profile may affect adhesion.
misunderstanding between the inspector and the contractor.
Methods for measuring surface profile can be found in Test
4.3 The inspector should obtain copies of Materials Safety
Methods D4417.
Data Sheets for all products that will be used on the project,
5.3 Cleaning Procedures—Safety precautions are not ad-
review any hazard communications program in accordance
dressed separately for each of the following cleaning methods.
with 29 CFR 1910.1200 that will apply to the project, and
Eachhasitsownsafety-relatedhazards,andU.S.Occupational
reviewothersafetyinformationrelatedtotheworkthatwillbe
Health and Safety Administration regulations should be fol-
performed by the contractor. The inspector should examine
lowed. Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the solvents
these materials and be supplied with appropriate protective
and cleaning compounds provided by the manufacturer should
equipment and devices.
also be consulted for proper worker protection.
5. Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements
5.3.1 Chemical Cleaning—Solvents are used to remove oil,
5.1 Surface Preparation is one of the most important fac-
grease, and related materials. The solvent is applied to the
tors affecting the performance of coatings. The specifier
surface by wiping or scrubbing with rags or brushes. The
determine the proper level in accordance with the expected
contaminants should be removed (not simply spread out) by a
service life and type of coating specified.
thoroughwipingoftheaffectedareaswithclothssaturatedwith
5.1.1 Pictorial Standard D 2200 (SSPC-Vis 1-89) shouldbe
clean solvent. Contaminated cloths should not be dipped into
provided to the inspector on a job involving blast cleaning of
clean solvent.The cleaning should be repeated with clean rags
structural steel. The standard is used by the inspector to assist
and fresh clean solvent. Emulsions, cleaning compounds,
in determining whether the degree of surface preparation
steam cleaning, or similar methods and materials may also be
specified in a contract has been attained by the contractor. For
used. Where emulsion cleaners, soaps, or detergents are used,
large jobs it is recommended that before work starts, an actual
they should be removed completely by washing with clean hot
steel sample of adequate size be blasted to the satisfaction of
water. SSPC SP-1 covers cleaning procedures using these
the project engineer. This blasted surface should be protected
materials.
by a clear acrylic coating or encased in plastic and used for
5.3.1.1 Solvent Vapor Cleaning is a procedure that can be
reference purposes as the work progresses.
5.2 Factors Affecting Coating Performance—There are a adapted to a production line or piecework operation. Vapor
number of factors that should be considered to ensure a proper cleaningremovesallsolublecontaminantsbutdoesnotdisturb
painting job.
thenaturaloxidefilm.Ifthisfilmshouldberemoved,mechani-
5.2.1 Cleanliness—Many materials, if not removed from
cal cleaning will be necessary as well. The part to be cleaned
thesurface,willaffectthelifeofthecoating.Theseincludeoil,
isplacedinthesaturatedvaporabovetheheatedsolventsothat
grease, soil, weld spatter, and slag, that make it impossible to
the solvent vapor condenses on the metal surface. Vapor
obtain proper adhesion to the metal surface. Deposits of salt
degreasing does not remove particulate matter, so parts should
(such as chlorides and sulfates) should be removed, or long-
be wiped to remove any insoluble soils. Vapor degreasing has
term coating performance will be seriously affected. SSPC
theadvantagesoversolventwipinginthathotsolventsareused
issues detailed surface preparation specifications that cover
and the solvent condensation removes oils without recontami-
methodsforsolventcleaning,handandpowertoolcleaning,as
nation.
well as the various methods of blast cleaning.
5.3.2 Hand Tool Cleaning is the method used for the
5.2.2 Mill Scale, the bluish-black oxide resulting from the
removal of loose mill scale, loose rust, loose or otherwise
hot-rolling process, is a constant source of trouble leading to
defective coating, weld flux, slag and spatter from metal
coating failure. This scale is very brittle and can crack or
surfaces by hand brushing, hand sanding, hand chipping or
loosen due to temperature changes (both in fabricating and
scraping using wire, fiber or bristle brushes, sandpaper, steel
weathering in the field) leading to failure of the coating.
wool, hand scrapers or chisels, and chipping hammers. Mate-
5.2.3 Surface Profile—The texture of the metal surface has
rial is considered tightly adherent if it cannot be lifted with a
a significant effect on the performance of coatings, since it
dull putty knife. SSPC provides a detailed specification,
increases the surface area to which the coating can devel
...
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