ASTM D2068-97(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Filter Blocking Tendency of Distillate Fuel Oils
Standard Test Method for Filter Blocking Tendency of Distillate Fuel Oils
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the filter plugging tendency (FPT) of distillate fuel oils where the end use demands an exceptional degree of cleanliness. This test method is applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of 1.50 to 6.00 mm2/s (cSt) at 40°C.
Note 1—ASTM Specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are Specification D 396 Grade Numbers 1 and 2, Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 2-D, Specification D 2880 Grades 1-GT and 2-GT and Specification D 3699 kerosine.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that are not clear and bright because water interferes with the measurement of filter plugging.
1.3 Relative tendency of fuels to plug filters may vary depending on filter porosity and structure, and may not always correlate with results from this test method.
1.4 Annex A1 describes a standard procedure for preparing a test fluid for use in calibrating the apparatus used in this test method.
1.5 &si-value;
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 2068 – 97 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Filter Plugging Tendency of Distillate Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
the filter plugging tendency (FPT) of distillate fuel oils where
D 3699 Specifications for Kerosine
the end use demands an exceptional degree of cleanliness. This
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
test method is applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of
Petroleum Products
1.50 to 6.00 mm /s (cSt) at 40°C.
D 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-
NOTE 1—ASTM Specification fuels falling within the scope of this test
tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-
method are Specification D 396 Grade Numbers 1 and 2, Specification D
dures)
975 Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 2-D, Specification D
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
2880 Grades 1-GT and 2-GT and Specification D 3699 kerosine.
Petroleum Products
1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that are not
clear and bright because water interferes with the measurement
3. Terminology
of filter plugging.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 Relative tendency of fuels to plug filters may vary
3.1.1 For this test method, fuel filter plugging tendency
depending on filter porosity and structure, and may not always
(FPT) can be described in either of the following two ways:
correlate with results from this test method.
3.1.1.1 filter plugging—the pressure drop across a 1.6 μm
1.4 Annex A1 describes a standard procedure for preparing
pore size glass fiber filter when 300 mL of fuel is passed at a
a test fluid for use in calibrating the apparatus used in this test
rate of 20 mL/min.
method.
3.1.1.2 filter plugging—the volume of fuel passed when a
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
pressure of 105 kPa (15 psi) is reached. This method of report
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
is used when less than 300 mL passes at that pressure drop.
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is responsi-
4.1 A sample of the fuel to be tested is passed at a constant
bility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
rate of flow (20 mL/min) through a glass fiber filter medium.
and health practices and determine the applicability of regu-
The pressure drop across the filter is monitored during the
latory limitations prior to use.
passage of a fixed volume of test fuel. If a prescribed maximum
pressure drop is reached before the total volume of fuel is
2. Referenced Documents
filtered, the actual volume of fuel filtered at the time of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
maximum pressure drop is recorded.
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
4.2 Calibration of the apparatus is required at intervals, and
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
a procedure for the preparation of a fluid for calibration is
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
described in Annex A1.
Viscosity)
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils 5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating
distillate fuel cleanliness in those applications that demand a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
high throughput per installed filter.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 2068–97.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2068 – 97 (2003)
FIG. 1 Flow Diagram of Filtration Test Apparatus
5.2 A change in filtration performance after storage or
pretreatment can be indicative of changes in fuel condition.
5.3 Causes of poor filterability might include fuel degrada- FIG. 2 Assembly of Filter Unit
tion products, contaminants picked up during storage or
transfer, or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any of
these could correlate with orifice or filter system plugging, or
of Practices D 4057, D 4177, or similar standard. The maxi-
both.
mum sample size is dictated by the quantity that can be mixed
thoroughly (see 9.2).
6. Apparatus
7.2 Draw a representative 1 to 2 L aliquot from the
,
4 5
6.1 The apparatus is shown as a diagram in Fig. 1 and is
thoroughly mixed laboratory sample into an epoxy-lined can or
comprised of the following parts:
dark glass bottle that has been previously rinsed three times
6.1.1 Pump, capable of delivering fuel at a constant rate of
with the product to be sampled.
20 6 1 mL/min, and incorporating a pulse damping mecha-
NOTE 2—Because the situations under which samples are taken vary
nism to produce smooth flow.
from laboratory to laboratory and from situation to situation, no firm
6.1.2 Pressure Gage—Gage or equivalent pressure record-
recommendations for sampling can be given. It is the responsibility of the
ing device calibrated and graduated 0 to 210 kPa (2 kPa
user of this test method to ensure the representativeness of the aliquot used
graduations, minimum). in this test method.
6.1.3 Filter Unit—Stainless steel body, 13–mm diameter,
,
5 6 8. Preparation of Apparatus
shown as a diagram in Fig. 2.
6.1.4 Filter Medium—Glass fiber filter, nominal pore size 8.1 Calibration—Calibration is required when a new batch
of filter media is used, when there is doubt concerning the
1.6 μm, 13-mm diameter.
6.1.5 Fuel Reservoir and Collection Containers— validity of a test result, or when the apparatus has not been
used for three months. A procedure for the preparation of
Graduated glass beakers or cylinders, 400 mL capacity.
6.2 Thermometer, general purpose type, range 0 to 60°C. standard solutions for the apparatus calibration is given in
Annex A1 to this test method.
6.3 Measuring Cylinder, nominal capacity 500 mL.
6.4 Forceps, spade ended. 8.2 Apparatus Assembly—Assemble the apparatus as shown
6.5 Stopwatch, manual or electronic, nominal accuracy 0.2 in Fig. 1 without the filter unit connected. To ensure that the
pump and pipework are clean and to calibrate the pump, fill the
s.
fuel reservoir with fuel that has been previously filtered
7. Sampling
through a glass fiber filter medium. Measure the delivery rate
of the pump by timing the removal of 200 mL of fuel from the
7.1 The laboratory fuel sample from which an aliquot is
reservoir. If the time is not 600 6 30 s, adjust and repeat.
being drawn for the purposes of this test must be representative
8.3 Filter Unit Assembly—Assemble the filter unit as shown
of the lot of fuel, whether the fuel is in a storage tank, a tank
in Fig. 2 using a new glass fiber filter medium handled with the
car, a pipeline, or other container. The laboratory sample
forceps, taking care not to damage the filter medium. The
should therefore have been obtained by following the practices
medium is placed into the holder with the face marked with a
grid pattern uppermost.
The sole source of supply of an assembled unit known to the committee at this
NOTE 3—It is most important that the filter unit components are
time is Unitor Industry, 28-30 Thursby Rd., Croft Business Park, Bromborough,
assembled as above, and in the exact configuration shown in Fig. 2,
Wirral, Merseyside L62 3PW, United Kingdom.
because any leakage would yield erroneous results.
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
9. Procedure
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
9.1 Measure the temperature of the fuel in the container and,
is Millipore Cat. No. XX3001200, available from Millipore (U.K.) Ltd. or Millipore
if necessary, adjust to 15 to 25°C.
Corp.
9.2 Shake the fuel container vigorously for 120 6 5s,and
Whatman Grade GF/A, or its equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this
purpose. then allow to stand on a vibration-free surface for 300 s.
D 2068 – 97 (2003)
9.3 Place 320 6 5 mL of the sample into the fuel reservoir 11.1.1 If undissolved water is found in 9.3, report Undis-
container and check that the temperature is still within the solved Water Present, Test Not Carried Out.
range 15 to 25°C. Record the actual temperature. If any 11.1.2 Filter plugging tendency (FPT) as calculated in 10.1
undissolved water is apparent in the fuel at this stage (as from:
determined by Test Method D 4176), the test shall be aban- 11.1.2.1 Maximum pressure (P) reading obtained for 300
doned and the presence of water shall be reported. mL of fuel to pass the filter, in the form XkPa/300 mL, or
11.1.2.2 Volume of fuel (V) passed at a pressure reading of
9.4 Place the pump suction pipe into the reservoir beaker
and run the pump until fuel flows from the fitting to which the 105 kPa, in the form 105 kPa/Y mL. If condition of 9.6, Note
4 applies, the words high initial pressure are appended to the
filter unit is attached into the collection beaker. Stop the pump
and empty any fuel from the collection container back into the results.
11.2 For every test, report the initial pressure recorded in 9.6
reservoir beaker.
and the temperature recorded in 9.3.
9.5 Attach the assembled filter unit to the fitting on the
system, restart the pump, and start the stopwatch.
12. Precision and Bias
9.6 After 20 s, record the pressure gage reading. If the
12.1 Precision—The following criteria should
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.