ASTM D6469-20
(Guide)Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides information addressing the conditions that lead to fuel microbial contamination and biodegradation and the general characteristics of and strategies for controlling microbial contamination. It compliments and amplifies information provided in Practice D4418 on handling gas-turbine fuels. More detailed information may be found in Guidelines for the Investigation of Microbial Content of Liquid Fuels and for the Implementation of Avoidance and Remedial Strategies, 3rd Ed.,10 ASTM Manual 47, and Passman, 2019.11
5.2 This guide focuses on microbial contamination in refined petroleum products and product handling systems. Uncontrolled microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems remains a largely unrecognized but costly problem at all stages of the petroleum industry from crude oil production through fleet operations and consumer use. This guide introduces the fundamental concepts of fuel microbiology and biodeterioration control.
5.3 This guide provides personnel who are responsible for fuel and fuel system stewardship with the background necessary to make informed decisions regarding the possible economic or safety, or both, impact of microbial contamination in their products or systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides personnel who have a limited microbiological background with an understanding of the symptoms, occurrence, and consequences of chronic microbial contamination. The guide also suggests means for detection and control of microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems. This guide applies primarily to gasoline, aviation, boiler, industrial gas turbine, diesel, marine, furnace fuels and blend stocks (see Specifications D396, D910, D975, D1655, D2069, D2880, D3699, D4814, D6227, and D6751), and fuel systems. However, the principles discussed herein also apply generally to crude oil and all liquid petroleum fuels. ASTM Manual 472 provides a more detailed treatment of the concepts introduced in this guide; it also provides a compilation of all of the standards referenced herein that are not found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section Five on Petroleum Products and Lubricants.
1.2 This guide is not a compilation of all of the concepts and terminology used by microbiologists, but it does provide a general understanding of microbial fuel contamination.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6469 − 20
Standard Guide for
1
Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6469; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This guide provides personnel who have a limited 2.1 ASTM Standards:
microbiological background with an understanding of the D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
symptoms, occurrence, and consequences of chronic microbial
contamination. The guide also suggests means for detection D396Specification for Fuel Oils
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and control of microbial contamination in fuels and fuel
systems. This guide applies primarily to gasoline, aviation, andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
ity)
boiler, industrial gas turbine, diesel, marine, furnace fuels and
blend stocks (see Specifications D396, D910, D975, D1655, D515Test Method for Phosphorus In Water (Withdrawn
4
1997)
D2069, D2880, D3699, D4814, D6227, and D6751), and fuel
systems. However, the principles discussed herein also apply D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
by Potentiometric Titration
generally to crude oil and all liquid petroleum fuels. ASTM
2
Manual47 providesamoredetailedtreatmentoftheconcepts D888Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water
D910Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
introducedinthisguide;italsoprovidesacompilationofallof
thestandardsreferencedhereinthatarenotfoundinthe Annual D974Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Book of ASTM Standards, Section Five on Petroleum Products Indicator Titration
and Lubricants. D975Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1067Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
1.2 Thisguideisnotacompilationofalloftheconceptsand
D1126Test Method for Hardness in Water
terminology used by microbiologists, but it does provide a
D1293Test Methods for pH of Water
general understanding of microbial fuel contamination.
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ucts by Hydrometer Method
standard.
D1331Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of
Solutions of Paints, Solvents, Solutions of Surface-Active
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Agents, and Related Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D1426Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1655Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D1744Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4
2016)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D1976Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D2068Test Method for Determining Filter Blocking Ten-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dency
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4
D2069Specification for Marine Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)
D2274TestMethodforOxidationStabilityofDistillateFuel
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3
mittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6469–17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6469-20. the ASTM website.
2 4
MNL 47, Fuel and Fuel System Microbiology: Fundamentals, Diagnosis, and The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Contamination Control, Passman, F. J., ed., ASTM International, 2003. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes secti
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6469 − 17 D6469 − 20
Standard Guide for
1
Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6469; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide provides personnel who have a limited microbiological background with an understanding of the symptoms,
occurrence, and consequences of chronic microbial contamination. The guide also suggests means for detection and control of
microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems. This guide applies primarily to gasoline, aviation, boiler, industrial gas turbine,
diesel, marine, furnace fuels and blend stocks (see Specifications D396, D910, D975, D1655, D2069, D2880, D3699, D4814,
D6227, and D6751), and fuel systems. However, the principles discussed herein also apply generally to crude oil and all liquid
2
petroleum fuels. ASTM Manual 47 provides a more detailed treatment of the concepts introduced in this guide; it also provides
a compilation of all of the standards referenced herein that are not found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section Five on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants.
1.2 This guide is not a compilation of all of the concepts and terminology used by microbiologists, but it does provide a general
understanding of microbial fuel contamination.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
4
D515 Test Method for Phosphorus In Water (Withdrawn 1997)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D888 Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Sept. 1, 2020. Published July 2017October 2020. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20142017 as
D6469 – 14.D6469 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D6469-17.10.1520/D6469-20.
2
MNL 47, Fuel and Fuel System Microbiology: Fundamentals, Diagnosis, and Contamination Control, Passman, F. J., ed., ASTM International, 2003.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6469 − 20
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
D1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1331 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Paints, Solvents, Solutions of Surface-Active Agents,
and Related Materials
D
...
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