ASTM D1693-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics
Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for routine inspection purposes by subjecting a required number of specimens to the test conditions for a specified time and noting the number that fail. The cracking obtained with the test reagent is indicative of what may be expected from a wide variety of surface-active agents, soaps, and organic substances that are not absorbed appreciably by the polymer.
5.2 Environmental stress-cracking is a property that is highly dependent upon the nature and level of the stresses applied and on the thermal history of the specimen (1). Under the conditions of the test method, high local multiaxial stresses are developed through the introduction of a controlled imperfection (2, 3). Environmental stress-cracking has been found to occur most readily under such conditions.
Note 2: Different types of polyethylene plastics as defined in Specification D1248 are generally tested under different levels of strain and stress. When it is expressly desired to compare the types at equal levels of strain, the specimens for all types should be tested under Condition B, Table 1 (4) . (A) Dimensional values are not exactly equivalent. However, for referee purposes the metric units shall apply.(B) For referee purposes, concentration of Igepal will be consistent with the appropriate material standard. If no concentration is given, then 10 % volume solution shall be used.(C) At a temperature of 100°C, a full-strength reagent, rather than an aqueous solution of a reagent, is generally used because solutions tend to change their compositions by water evaporation losses during the period of test.
5.3 Information from this test method is not intended to be used for direct application to engineering problems.
Note 3: Caution should be used in comparing and ranking various ethylene plastics into distinct and separate groups by this test method (see Section 13 and Note 12).
As thermal history is recognized as an important variable, test results by this...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of ethylene plastics, as defined in Terminology D883, to environmental stress-cracking when subjected to the conditions herein specified. Under certain conditions of stress and in the presence of environments such as soaps, wetting agents, oils, or detergents, ethylene plastics may exhibit mechanical failure by cracking.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1693 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
tings Materials
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sus-
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
ceptibility of ethylene plastics, as defined in Terminology
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
D883, to environmental stress-cracking when subjected to the
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
conditions herein specified. Under certain conditions of stress
Extrusion Materials
and in the presence of environments such as soaps, wetting
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
agents, oils, or detergents, ethylene plastics may exhibit
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
mechanical failure by cracking.
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3
Apparatus Drawings and Blueprints
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 stress-crack, n—an external or internal rupture in a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-time
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mechanical strength.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The development of such cracks is
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
frequently accelerated by the environment to which the plastic
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
is exposed. The stresses which cause cracking may be present
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
internally or externally, or may be a combination of these
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
stresses. The appearance of a network of fine cracks is called
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
crazing.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.2 stress-crack failure, n—for purposes of this test
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
method, any crack visible to an observer with normal eyesight
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2. Referenced Documents
shall be interpreted as a failure of the entire specimen (1).
2
Extension of the controlled imperfection shall not be construed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as a failure. The appearance of more than one crack in a single
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
specimen shall be construed as a single failure.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Cracks generally develop at the con-
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
trolled imperfection and run to the outer edge of the specimen
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
approximately at right angles to it (2). The cracks need not
Temperature
extend completely through the specimen to constitute failure.
D1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion
Cracks sometimes develop under the polymer surface, mani-
Materials for Wire and Cable
festing themselves as depressions on the surface. The time
when this occurs should be noted, and if the depression later
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
develops into a crack, the time of dimpling should be consid-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materi-
ered as the failure time.
als.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
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approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1693 - 15 . DOI:
3
10.1520/D1693-21. Detailed drawings of the apparatus are available from ASTM Headquarters.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Request ADJD169302, ADJD169303,or ADJD169304. For a complete set of all
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM drawings, request ADJD1693CS.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this test method.
*A Summary of Chan
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1693 − 15 D1693 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Adjunct footnote was editorially corrected in August 2020.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of ethylene plastics, as defined in Terminology D883, to
environmental stress-cracking when subjected to the conditions herein specified. Under certain conditions of stress and in the
presence of environments such as soaps, wetting agents, oils, or detergents, ethylene plastics may exhibit mechanical failure by
cracking.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
D1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2021. Published June 2015October 2021. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 as
ɛ1
D1693 - 13.D1693 - 15 . DOI: 10.1520/D1693-15E01.10.1520/D1693-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1693 − 21
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Apparatus Drawings and Blueprints
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 stress-crack, n—an external or internal rupture in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-time mechanical
strength.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The development of such cracks is frequently accelerated by the environment to which the plastic is exposed. The stresses which
cause cracking may be present internally or externally, or may be a combination of these stresses. The appearance of a network
of fine cracks is called crazing.
3.1.2 stress-crack failure, n—for purposes of this test method, any crack visible to an observer with normal eyesight shall be
4
interpreted as a failure of the entire specimen (1). Extension of the controlled imperfection shall not be construed as a failure. The
appearance of more than one crack in a single specimen shall be construed as a single failure.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Cracks generally develop at the controlled imperfection and run to the outer edge of the specimen approximately at right angles
to it (2). The cracks need not extend completely through the specimen to constitute failure. Cracks sometimes develop under the
polymer surface, manifesting the
...
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