ASTM G65-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus
Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The severity of abrasive wear in any system will depend upon the abrasive particle size, shape, and hardness, the magnitude of the stress imposed by the particle, and the frequency of contact of the abrasive particle. In this practice these conditions are standardized to develop a uniform condition of wear which has been referred to as scratching abrasion (1 and 3). The value of the practice lies in predicting the relative ranking of various materials of construction in an abrasive environment. Since the practice does not attempt to duplicate all of the process conditions (abrasive size, shape, pressure, impact, or corrosive elements), it should not be used to predict the exact resistance of a given material in a specific environment. Its value lies in predicting the ranking of materials in a similar relative order of merit as would occur in an abrasive environment. Volume loss data obtained from test materials whose lives are unknown in a specific abrasive environment may, however, be compared with test data obtained from a material whose life is known in the same environment. The comparison will provide a general indication of the worth of the unknown materials if abrasion is the predominant factor causing deterioration of the materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the resistance of metallic materials to scratching abrasion by means of the dry sand/rubber wheel test. It is the intent of this test method to produce data that will reproducibly rank materials in their resistance to scratching abrasion under a specified set of conditions.
1.2 Abrasion test results are reported as volume loss in cubic millimetres for the particular test procedure specified. Materials of higher abrasion resistance will have a lower volume loss.
Note 1: In order to attain uniformity among laboratories, it is the intent of this test method to require that volume loss due to abrasion be reported only in the metric system as cubic millimetres. 1 mm3 = 6.102 × 10−5 in3.
1.3 This test method covers five recommended procedures which are appropriate for specific degrees of wear resistance or thicknesses of the test material.
1.3.1 Procedure A—This is a relatively severe test which will rank metallic materials on a wide volume loss scale from low to extreme abrasion resistance. It is particularly useful in ranking materials of medium to extreme abrasion resistance.
1.3.2 Procedure B—A short-term variation of Procedure A. It may be used for highly abrasive resistant materials but is particularly useful in the ranking of medium- and low-abrasive-resistant materials. Procedure B should be used when the volume–loss values developed by Procedure A exceeds 100 mm3.
1.3.3 Procedure C—A short-term variation of Procedure A for use on thin coatings.
1.3.4 Procedure D—This is a lighter load variation of Procedure A which is particularly useful in ranking materials of low-abrasion resistance. It is also used in ranking materials of a specific generic type or materials which would be very close in the volume loss rates as developed by Procedure A.
1.3.5 Procedure E—A short-term variation of Procedure B that is useful in the ranking of materials with medium- or low-abrasion resistance.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: G65 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel
1
Apparatus
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG65;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3.5 Procedure E—A short-term variation of Procedure B
that is useful in the ranking of materials with medium- or
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for de-
low-abrasion resistance.
termining the resistance of metallic materials to scratching
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
abrasion by means of the dry sand/rubber wheel test. It is the
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
intentofthistestmethodtoproducedatathatwillreproducibly
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
rank materials in their resistance to scratching abrasion under
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
a specified set of conditions.
limitations prior to use.
1.2 Abrasion test results are reported as volume loss in
cubic millimetres for the particular test procedure specified.
2. Referenced Documents
Materials of higher abrasion resistance will have a lower
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
volume loss.
D2000Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-
NOTE 1—In order to attain uniformity among laboratories, it is the
motive Applications
intent of this test method to require that volume loss due to abrasion be
D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
reported only in the metric system as cubic millimetres.
3 −5 3
ness
1mm =6.102×10 in .
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
1.3 This test method covers five recommended procedures
Sieves
whichareappropriateforspecificdegreesofwearresistanceor
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
thicknesses of the test material.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.3.1 Procedure A—This is a relatively severe test which
Lot or Process
will rank metallic materials on a wide volume loss scale from
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
low to extreme abrasion resistance. It is particularly useful in
ASTM Test Methods
ranking materials of medium to extreme abrasion resistance.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3.2 Procedure B—A short-term variation of Procedure A.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
It may be used for highly abrasive resistant materials but is
G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
particularly useful in the ranking of medium- and low-
G105Test Method for Conducting Wet Sand/Rubber Wheel
abrasive-resistant materials. Procedure B should be used when
Abrasion Tests
thevolume–lossvaluesdevelopedbyProcedureAexceeds100
3
2.2 American Foundrymen’s Society Standards:
mm .
3
AFS Foundry Sand Handbook, 7thEdition
1.3.3 Procedure C—A short-term variation of Procedure A
for use on thin coatings.
3. Terminology
1.3.4 Procedure D—This is a lighter load variation of
ProcedureAwhichisparticularlyusefulinrankingmaterialsof
3.1 Definitions:
low-abrasion resistance. It is also used in ranking materials of
3.1.1 abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard
a specific generic type or materials which would be very close
protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface
in the volume loss rates as developed by Procedure A.
(Terminology G40).
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Wear. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as G65–15. DOI: Available from American Foundrymen’s Society, Golf and Wolf Roads, Des
10.1520/G0065-16. Plaines, IL 60016.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G65−16
(1 and 3). The value of the practice lies in predicting the
relative ranking of various materials of construction in an
abrasive environment. Since the practice does not attempt to
duplicate all of the process conditions (abrasive size, shape,
pressure, impact, or corrosive elements), it should not be used
to predict the exact resistance of a given material in a specific
environment. Its value lies in predicting the ranking of mate-
rial
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G65 − 15 G65 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G65; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the resistance of metallic materials to scratching abrasion by
means of the dry sand/rubber wheel test. It is the intent of this test method to produce data that will reproducibly rank materials
in their resistance to scratching abrasion under a specified set of conditions.
1.2 Abrasion test results are reported as volume loss in cubic millimetres for the particular test procedure specified. Materials
of higher abrasion resistance will have a lower volume loss.
NOTE 1—In order to attain uniformity among laboratories, it is the intent of this test method to require that volume loss due to abrasion be reported
3 −5 3
only in the metric system as cubic millimetres. 1 mm = 6.102 × 10 in .
1.3 This test method covers five recommended procedures which are appropriate for specific degrees of wear resistance or
thicknesses of the test material.
1.3.1 Procedure A—This is a relatively severe test which will rank metallic materials on a wide volume loss scale from low to
extreme abrasion resistance. It is particularly useful in ranking materials of medium to extreme abrasion resistance.
1.3.2 Procedure B—A short-term variation of Procedure A. It may be used for highly abrasive resistant materials but is
particularly useful in the ranking of medium- and low-abrasive-resistant materials. Procedure B should be used when the
3
volume–loss values developed by Procedure A exceeds 100 mm .
1.3.3 Procedure C—A short-term variation of Procedure A for use on thin coatings.
1.3.4 Procedure D—This is a lighter load variation of Procedure A which is particularly useful in ranking materials of
low-abrasion resistance. It is also used in ranking materials of a specific generic type or materials which would be very close in
the volume loss rates as developed by Procedure A.
1.3.5 Procedure E—A short-term variation of Procedure B that is useful in the ranking of materials with medium- or
low-abrasion resistance.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
3
G105 Test Method for Conducting Wet Sand/Rubber Wheel Abrasion Tests (Withdrawn 2016)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015March 1, 2016. Published December 2015March 2016. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20102015
as G65G65 – 15.–04 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/G0065-15.10.1520/G0065-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G65 − 16
2.2 American Foundrymen’s Society Standards:
4
AFS Foundry Sand Handbook, 7th Edition
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid s
...
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