ASTM D890-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals
Standard Test Method for Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Many pine chemical products contain water as a result of the processes used for their production. Typically refined products such as terpenes, pine oil, tall oil fatty acids, and distilled tall oil contain only traces of water, but crude tall oil might contain 0.5 to 2.5 % of water. Although the Karl Fischer and coulometric methods are most applicable to low levels of moisture, these can be and are used at higher levels. The azeotropic distillation method is generally used at higher levels.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of dissolved or occluded water present in any proportion in liquid pine chemicals, such as turpentine, pinene, dipentene, pine oil, tall oil, and tall oil fatty acids. Three methods of moisture testing are included. The Karl Fisher titration method is the preferred method for testing tall oil, Test Methods D803.
1.1.1 The Karl Fischer Titration method is based on the reaction between water and a complex reagent2 consisting of iodine, sulfur dioxide, pyridine, and methanol, whereby the iodine is converted to a colorless compound. The appearance of a persistent iodine color in the reaction mixture indicates the complete removal of free water by reaction with the reagent, and the endpoint may be measured colorimetrically. Automatic titrators find this endpoint by the restoration of a current strength when the resistance provided by the presence of water is eliminated. Amperometric automatic titrators find this endpoint by detecting the current flow that occurs once water is eliminated.
1.1.2 The coulometric titration method determines water content by electronic integration of a current sufficient to generate the precise amount of iodine from the required reagent to react with the water in the sample.
1.1.3 The azeotropic method utilizes the relatively low boiling point of water, as compared with other sample constituents, in a toluene or xylene matrix so that water is collected in a trap and measured.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D890 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of dissolved or occluded water present in any proportion in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
liquid pine chemicals, such as turpentine, pinene, dipentene,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pine oil, tall oil, and tall oil fatty acids. Three methods of
moisture testing are included. The Karl Fisher titration method
2. Referenced Documents
is the preferred method for testing tall oil, Test Methods D803.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 The Karl Fischer Titration method is based on the
2 D803 Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
reaction between water and a complex reagent consisting of
D1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl
iodine, sulfur dioxide, pyridine, and methanol, whereby the
Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
iodine is converted to a colorless compound. The appearance
of a persistent iodine color in the reaction mixture indicates the
3. Significance and Use
complete removal of free water by reaction with the reagent,
3.1 Many pine chemical products contain water as a result
and the endpoint may be measured colorimetrically.Automatic
of the processes used for their production. Typically refined
titrators find this endpoint by the restoration of a current
products such as terpenes, pine oil, tall oil fatty acids, and
strength when the resistance provided by the presence of water
distilled tall oil contain only traces of water, but crude tall oil
is eliminated. Amperometric automatic titrators find this end-
might contain 0.5 to 2.5 % of water.Although the Karl Fischer
point by detecting the current flow that occurs once water is
and coulometric methods are most applicable to low levels of
eliminated.
moisture, these can be and are used at higher levels. The
1.1.2 The coulometric titration method determines water
azeotropic distillation method is generally used at higher
content by electronic integration of a current sufficient to
levels.
generatethepreciseamountofiodinefromtherequiredreagent
to react with the water in the sample.
1.1.3 The azeotropic method utilizes the relatively low
Moisture By Karl Fischer Titration
boiling point of water, as compared with other sample
(Preferred method)
constituents, in a toluene or xylene matrix so that water is
4. Apparatus
collected in a trap and measured.
4.1 Titration Vessel, preferably closed, with stirring
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
capabilities,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4.2 Buret, capable of being read at 0.1 mL divisions, or
automatic buret, or
4.3 Automatic Karl Fischer titrator.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
4.4 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.0001 g.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.
5. Reagents
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D890 - 98 (2008).
5.1 Karl Fischer Reagent, or Other Suitable Reagent, such
DOI: 10.1520/D0890-12.
2
as Pyridine-free Adaptations of Karl Fischer Reagent . Re-
This procedure has been adapted from the method of Karl Fischer published in
Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie, Vol 48, 1935, p. 395; Chemical Abstracts,Vol
agents vary in strength (titer). This test method is written
29, 1935 p. 6532; as modified by Smith, Bryant, and Mitchell, Journal, Am.
Chemical Soc., Vol. 61, 1939, p. 2407; and further modified by Axel Johansson,
3
SvenskPapperstidning,Vol50,No.11B,1947,p.124;seealsoPublication19ofthe For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Swedish Wood Research Institute, Wood Chemistry and Paper Technique (Stock- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
holm) (1947). Karl Fischer reagent is available from various laboratory supplies. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Pyridine-free adaptations of the Karl Fischer reagent are available commercially. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 B
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D890 − 98 (Reapproved 2008) D890 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Water in Liquid Naval StoresPine Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of dissolved or occluded water present in any proportion in liquid
naval stores,pine chemicals, such as turpentine, pinene, dipentene, pine oil, tall oil, and tall oil fatty acids. Three methods of
moisture testing are included. The Karl Fisher titration method is the preferred method for testing tall oil, Test Methods D803.
2
1.1.1 The Karl Fischer Titration method is based on the reaction between water and a complex reagent consisting of iodine,
sulfur dioxide, pyridine, and methanol, whereby the iodine is converted to a colorless compound. The appearance of a persistent
iodine color in the reaction mixture indicates the complete removal of free water by reaction with the reagent, and the endpoint
may be measured colorimetrically. Automatic titrators find this endpoint by the restoration of a current strength when the resistance
provided by the presence of water is eliminated. Amperometric automatic titrators find this endpoint by detecting the current flow
that occurs once water is eliminated.
1.1.2 The coulometric titration method determines water content by electronic integration of a current sufficient to generate the
precise amount of iodine from the required reagent to react with the water in the sample.
1.1.3 The azeotropic method utilizes the relatively low boiling point of water, as compared with other sample constituents, in
a toluene or xylene matrix so that water is collected in a trap and measured.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D803 Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
D1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Many naval storespine chemical products contain water as a result of the processes used for their production. Typically
refined products such as terpenes, pine oil, tall oil fatty acids, and distilled tall oil contain only traces of water, but crude tall oil
might contain 0.5 to 2.5 % of water. Although the Karl Fischer and coulometric methods are most applicable to low levels of
moisture, these can be and are used at higher levels. The azeotropic distillation method is generally used at higher levels.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.34 on Naval StoresPine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.
Current edition approved June 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2012. Published June 2008December 2012. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D890 - 98 (2003).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D0890-98R08.10.1520/D0890-12.
2
This procedure has been adapted from the method of Karl Fischer published in Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie, Vol 48, 1935, p. 395; Chemical Abstracts, Vol 29,
1935 p. 6532; as modified by Smith, Bryant, and Mitchell, Journal, Am. Chemical Soc., Vol. 61, 1939, p. 2407; and further modified by Axel Johansson, Svensk
Papperstidning, Vol 50, No. 11B, 1947, p. 124; see also Publication 19 of the Swedish Wood Research Institute, Wood Chemistry and Paper Technique (Stockholm) (1947).
Karl Fischer reagent is available from various laboratory supplies. Pyridine-free adaptations of the Karl Fischer reagent are available commercially.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...
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