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ASTM D803-15(2020)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil

Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tall oil, both crude and refined, is an important by-product of the alkaline (kraft) pulping of pine wood. It consists primarily of fatty acids, resin acids, and neutral materials; the levels of these various components depend on factors such as the species of pine tree, geographic location, climate, etc.  
3.1.1 Tall oil is used primarily as a commercial source of fatty acids and rosin, and, therefore, reliable methods for the analysis of these components is necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the test procedures to be applied to whole tall oils or refined tall oils. Previous editions of these test methods have described test procedures that are used to test tall oil fatty acid, rosin, and other tall oil-derived products as well as test crude and refined tall oil. Consequently, these test methods are widely cited in reference books and industry literature for the testing of tall oil-derived products.  
1.1.1 In this current revision, procedural details of some of the often-cited test methods have been removed and the test methods consolidated with other existing test methods. In such cases the consolidated methods, applicable to all tall oil-derived products.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:    
Physical Tests  
Sections  
Viscosity:  
Rotational Viscometer Method (Preferred Method)  
7  
Bubble Time Method  
8  
Flash Point  
9  
Color  
10  
Moisture:  
11  
Insoluble Matter  
12  
Ash  
13  
Chemical Analysis  
Acid Number  
16  
Saponification Number  
17  
Rosin Acids  
18  
Unsaponifiable Matter  
19  
Fatty Acids  
20  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2020
ICS
87.060.20 - Binders
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D803-15 - Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D1240-24 - Standard Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM D93-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020
Refers
ASTM D465-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Acid Number of Pine Chemical Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D464-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Saponification Number of Pine Chemical Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D269-97(2020) - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Matter in Rosin and Rosin Derivatives
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D2196-18 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscountess
Effective Date
01-Jun-2018
Refers
ASTM D1240-14(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2018
Refers
ASTM D465-15 - Standard Test Methods for Acid Number of Pine Chemical Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM D1585-15 - Standard Test Methods for Fatty Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM D464-15 - Standard Test Methods for Saponification Number of Pine Chemical Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM D1240-14 - Standard Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Refers
ASTM D93-13e1 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
15-Jul-2013
Refers
ASTM D93-13 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
15-Jul-2013
Refers
ASTM D1545-13 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013

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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D803 − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Methods for
Testing Tall Oil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 These test methods cover the test procedures to be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
applied to whole tall oils or refined tall oils. Previous editions
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of these test methods have described test procedures that are
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
used to test tall oil fatty acid, rosin, and other tall oil-derived
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
productsaswellastestcrudeandrefinedtalloil.Consequently,
these test methods are widely cited in reference books and
2. Referenced Documents
industry literature for the testing of tall oil-derived products.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 In this current revision, procedural details of some of
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
the often-cited test methods have been removed and the test
Open Cup Tester
methods consolidated with other existing test methods. In such
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
cases the consolidated methods, applicable to all tall oil-
Closed Cup Tester
derived products.
D269 Test Method for Insoluble Matter in Rosin and Rosin
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Derivatives
Physical Tests Sections
D464 Test Methods for Saponification Number of Pine
Viscosity:
Chemical Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related
Rotational Viscometer Method (Preferred Method) 7
Products
Bubble Time Method 8
Flash Point 9
D465 Test Methods for Acid Number of Pine Chemical
Color 10
Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
Moisture: 11
D890 Test Method for Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals
Insoluble Matter 12
Ash 13
D1065 Test Method for Unsaponifiable Matter in Pine
Chemical Analysis
Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Prod-
Acid Number 16
ucts
Saponification Number 17
Rosin Acids 18
D1240 Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine
Unsaponifiable Matter 19
Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Prod-
Fatty Acids 20
ucts
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D1466 Test Method for Sampling Liquid Oils and Fatty
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Acids Commonly Used in Paints, Varnishes, and Related
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Materials (Withdrawn 2003)
and are not considered standard.
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gard-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ner Color Scale)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Bubble Time Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D1585 Test Methods for Fatty Acids Content of Pine
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Prod-
ucts
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Resins. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D803 – 15. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D0803-15R20. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D803 − 15 (2020)
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non- forced-air oven in order to dissolve any crystalline material.A
Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer temperature of 100°C is usually sufficient to dissolve crystals
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small present in crude tall oil, but a temperature as high as 160°C
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus may be required to remove rosin crystals from distilled tall oil.
D5974 Test Methods for Fatty and Rosin Acids in Tall Oil Withdraw the specimens only when all crystalline matter has
Fractionation Products by Capillary Gas Chromatography dissolved and when the entire sample becomes a homogeneous
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re- fluid after thorough stirring.
lated Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner
VISCOSITY BY THE ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER
Color)
METHOD
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
(Preferred Method)
3. Significance and Use
7. Procedure
3.1 Tall oil, both crude and refined, is an important by-
7.1 Determinetheviscosityincentipoiseinaccordancewith
product of the alkaline (kraft) pulping of pine wood. It consists
Test Methods D2196. The testing temperature shall be 210°F
primarily of fatty acids, resin acids, and neutral materials; the
(99°C) unless a lower temperature is specified.
levels of these various components depend on factors such as
the species of pine tree, geographic location, climate, etc.
VISCOSITY BY THE BUBBLE TIME METHOD
3.1.1 Tall oil is used primarily as a commercial source of
(Alternative Method)
fatty acids and rosin, and, therefore, reliable methods for the
analysis of these components is necessary.
8. Procedure
4. Purity of Reagents
8.1 Determine the viscosity in accordance withTest Method
D1545.The testing temperature shall be 210°F (99°C) unless a
4.1 Reagent grade chemical
...

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3.1 This test method is designed to broaden the scope of the previous edition of the test method by the inclusion of tall oil and tall oil derived from products as test materials. Test Methods D803 currently includes a method for the determination of unsaponifiable matter.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of material in pine chemicals products as defined in Terminology D804 including rosin, tall oil, and related products, other than insoluble dirt or similar visible foreign matter that does not yield a water-soluble soap when the sample is saponified with potassium hydroxide.  
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Note 1: It has been reported that this method may not be applicable to gum rosin, especially any gum rosin containing volatile terpenes. Volatile terpenes are by definition unsaponifiable matter, and can be lost under the drying conditions described in 8.4. The method is applicable to tall oil rosin and wood rosin as these rosins do not contain volatile terpenes.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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