ASTM D6618-00

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a four-stroke cycle diesel engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly ring sticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumulation of piston deposits. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade and multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is commonly known as the 1M-PC test (PC for Pre-Chamber) and is used in several API oil categories, notably the CF and CF-2 and the military category described in MIL-PRF-2104 (see Note 1).
Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil performance characteristics for API oil categories CF and CF-2 are discussed in SAE J304. The companion tests used by the military can be found in MIL-PRF-2104.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or other units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:TABLE OF CONTENTSScope1Reference Documents2Terminology3Summary of Test Method4Significance and Use5Apparatus6Test Engine6.1Engine Accessories6.2-6.14Engine Oil System6.15Cooling System6.16Fuel System6.17Intake Air System6.18Exhaust System6.19Blowby Meter6.20Thermocouples6.21Parts6.22Instrumentation6.23Crankcase Paint6.24Reagents and Materials7Fuel7.1Test Oil7.2Engine Coolant7.3Cleaning Materials7.4Safety8Preparation of Apparatus9Supplementary Service Information9.1General Engine Inspection9.2Intake Air System9.3Cooling System9.4Engine Cooling System Cleaning9.5Instrumentation Calibration Requirements9.6Engine Crankcase Cleaning9.7Additional Oil Filter9.8Flushing Procedure Components9.9Flushing Procedures9.10Piston Cleaning Preparation9.11Cylinder Head9.12Fuel Nozzle9.13Measurement9.14Procedure10Engine Break-in10.1Pre-Test Preparations10.2Warm-up Procedure10.3Operating Conditions10.4Periodic Measurements10.5Engine Oil Level10.6Oil Addition Procedure10.7Cool-Down Procedure10.8Shutdowns10.9Fuel System10.10Brake Specific Oil Consumption (BSOC) Calculation10.11Inspection11Preparation11.1Inspection11.2Rater Training11.3Referee Ratings11.4Calibration of Test Method12Requirements12.1Reference Oils12.2Test Numbering12.3Definition of a Test12.4New Laboratories and New Test Stands12.5Frequency of Calibration Tests12.6Specified Test Parameters12.7Acceptance of Calibration Tests12.8Failing Reference Oil Calibration Tests12.9Non-Standard Tests12.10Severity Adjustments and Control Charting12.11Test Reporting12.12Reporting Reference Results12.13Analysis of Reference Oils12.14Precision and Bias13Precision13.1Bias13.2Keywords14ANNEXESFigures and SchematicsAnnex A1Report FormsAnnex A2Data DictionaryAnnex A3Test Fuel InformationAnnex A4APPENDIXESHumidity Correction FactorsAppendex X1Report Form ExamplesAppendix X21M-PC Multiple TestingAppendix X3

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-2000
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.B0.02 - Heavy Duty Engine Oils

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D6618-04 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6618 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle
Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance.
However,theASTMTestMonitoringCenter(TMC) providesreferenceoilsandanassessmentofthe
test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory will know whether
their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories.
Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking
qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement,
in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratoriesthatchoosenottousethoseservicesmaysimplyignorethoseportionsofthetestmethod
that refer to the TMC.
ThistestmethodmaybemodifiedbymeansofInformationLettersissuedbytheTMC.Inaddition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method.
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers a four-stroke cycle diesel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly ring
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumulation of piston
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
deposits.SuchoilsincludebothsingleviscositySAEgradeand
TABLE OF CONTENTS
multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is
Scope 1
commonlyknownasthe1M-PCtest(PCforPre-Chamber)and
Reference Documents 2
is used in severalAPI oil categories, notably the CF and CF-2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
and the military category described in MIL-PRF-2104 (see
Significance and Use 5
Note 1).
Apparatus 6
Test Engine 6.1
NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil
Engine Accessories 6.2-6.14
performance characteristics for API oil categories CF and CF-2 are
Engine Oil System 6.15
discussed in SAE J304. The companion tests used by the military can be
Cooling System 6.16
found in MIL-PRF-2104. Fuel System 6.17
Intake Air System 6.18
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or other units are to
Exhaust System 6.19
Blowby Meter 6.20
be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
Thermocouples 6.21
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Parts 6.22
system shall be used independently of the other, without
Instrumentation 6.23
Crankcase Paint 6.24
combining values in any way.
Reagents and Materials 7
Fuel 7.1
1 Test Oil 7.2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Engine Coolant 7.3
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Cleaning Materials 7.4
D02.B on Automotive Lubricants. The test engine sequences were originally
Safety 8
developed in 1956 by ASTM Committee D-2. Subsequently, the procedures were
Preparation of Apparatus 9
published in an ASTM Special Technical Publication.
Supplementary Service Information 9.1
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published March 2001.
General Engine Inspection 9.2
ASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAvenue,Pittsburgh,PA15206-4489.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6618–00
D445 Test Method for KinematicViscosity forTransparent
Intake Air System 9.3
Cooling System 9.4
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
Engine Cooling System Cleaning 9.5
ity)
Instrumentation Calibration Requirements 9.6
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
Engine Crankcase Cleaning 9.7
Additional Oil Filter 9.8
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
Flushing Procedure Components 9.9
Petroleum Products
Flushing Procedures 9.10
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
Piston Cleaning Preparation 9.11
Cylinder Head 9.12
D664 TestMethodforAcidNumberofPetroleumProducts
Fuel Nozzle 9.13
by Potentiometric Titration
Measurement 9.14
Procedure 10 D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
Engine Break-in 10.1
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
Pre-Test Preparations 10.2
D1796 TestMethodforWaterandSedimentinFuelOilsby
Warm-up Procedure 10.3
Operating Conditions 10.4 the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
Periodic Measurements 10.5
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by
Engine Oil Level 10.6
Viscosity System
Oil Addition Procedure 10.7
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle
Cool-Down Procedure 10.8
Shutdowns 10.9
Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
Fuel System 10.10
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Prod-
Brake Specific Oil Consumption (BSOC) Calculation 10.11
Inspection 11 ucts
Preparation 11.1
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Inspection 11.2
Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrom-
Rater Training 11.3
Referee Ratings 11.4 etry
Calibration of Test Method 12
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Requirements 12.1
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
Reference Oils 12.2
Test Numbering 12.3
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
Definition of a Test 12.4
Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spec-
New Laboratories and New Test Stands 12.5
troscopy
Frequency of Calibration Tests 12.6
Specified Test Parameters 12.7 D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
Acceptance of Calibration Tests 12.8
D4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of
Failing Reference Oil Calibration Tests 12.9
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
Non-Standard Tests 12.10
Severity Adjustments and Control Charting 12.11
D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Test Reporting 12.12
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a
Reporting Reference Results 12.13
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with
Analysis of Reference Oils 12.14
Precision and Bias 13
Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-
Precision 13.1 5
Duty Conditions
Bias 13.2
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Keywords 14
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
ANNEXES
D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in the
Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel
Figures and Schematics Annex A1
Report Forms Annex A2
Engine
Data Dictionary Annex A3
D6202 Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the
Test Fuel Information Annex A4
FuelEconomyofPassengerCarsandLight-DutyTrucksin
APPENDIXES
the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
Humidity Correction Factors Appendix X1
etry
Report Form Examples Appendix X2
1M-PC Multiple Testing Appendix X3
2.2 SAE Standard:
SAE J304 Engine Oil Tests
2. Referenced Documents
2.3 Military Standard:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
MIL-PRF-2104 Lubricating Oil, Internal Combustion En-
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
gine, Combat/Tactical Service
Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
D130 TestMethodforDetectionofCopperCorrosionfrom
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096.
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Building4,SectionD,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5904, Attn: NPODS.
D6618–00
3. Terminology crankcase is solvent-cleaned, and worn or defective parts are
replaced. The test stand is equipped with appropriate accesso-
3.1 Definitions:
ries for controlling speed, fuel rate, and various engine
3.1.1 calibrate, v—to determine the indication or output of
operating conditions. A suitable system for supercharging the
a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E344
engine with humidified and heated air shall also be provided.
3.1.2 candidate oil, n—an oil that is intended to have the
4.2 Test operation involves the control of the supercharged,
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
single-cylinder diesel test engine for a total of 120 h at a fixed
and is tested against that specification. D5844
speed and fuel rate, using the test oil as a lubricant. A 1 h
3.1.3 clogging, n—the restriction of a flow path due to the
engine break-in precedes each test. At the conclusion of the
accumulation of material along the flow path boundaries.
test,thepiston,rings,andcylinderlinerareexamined.Notethe
D5844
degree of cylinder liner and piston ring wear, the amount and
3.1.4 engine oil, n—aliquidthatreducesfrictionorwear,or
nature of piston deposits present, and whether any rings are
both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
stuck.
heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as
a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings. D5862
5. Significance and Use
3.1.4.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
5.1 The test method is designed to relate to high-speed,
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-
supercharged diesel engine operation and, in particular, to the
tion,valvetrainwear,oiloxidation,andfoamingareexamples.
depositcontrolcharacteristicsandantiwearpropertiesofdiesel
3.1.5 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
crankcase lubricating oils.
oil: such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-
5.2 The test method is useful for the evaluation of diesel
date oil. D5844
engine oil quality and crankcase oil specification acceptance.
3.1.6 purchaser, n—of an ASTM test, a person or organiza-
This test method, along with others, defines the minimum
tion that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on a
performance level of theAPI categories CF and CF-2 (detailed
specified product. D6202
information about passing limits for these categories is in-
3.1.6.1 Discussion—The preferred term is purchaser. Dep-
cluded in Specification D4485). It is also used in MIL-PRF-
recated terms that have been used are client, requester,
2104.
sponsor, and customer.
5.3 The results are significant only when all details of the
3.1.7 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance char-
procedure are followed. The basic engine used in this test
acteristics, used as a basis for comparison D5844
method has a precombustion chamber (as compared to direct
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate
injection) and is most useful in predicting performance of
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or
engines similarly equipped. This factor should be considered
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
when extrapolating test results. It has been found useful in
oils.
predictingresultswithhighsulfurfuels(thatis,greaterthan0.5
3.1.8 scuffıng, n—in lubrication, damage caused by instan-
wt %) and with certain preemission controlled engines. It has
taneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motion
also been found useful when correlated with deposit control in
that does not result in immobilization of the parts. D4863
two-stroke cycle diesel engines.
3.1.9 wear, n—the loss of material from, or relocation of
material on, a surface. D5302
6. Apparatus
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Wear generally occurs between two
6.1 Test Engine—Asingle-cylinderCaterpillardieseloiltest
surfaces moving relative to each other and is the result of 3
engine having a 2.2 L (134.1 in. ) displacement is required.
mechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-
Bore and stroke are 13.0 cm (5.125 in.) and 16.5 cm (6.5 in.)
chanical and chemical actions.
respectively. The engine arrangement is shown in Fig. A1.1.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
The supply of test engines and parts is discussed in 6.22. The
3.2.1 calibration test, n—an engine test conducted on a
engine is equipped with the accessories or equipment listed in
reference oil under carefully prescribed conditions whose
6.2 through 6.24.
result is used to determine the suitability of the engine
6.2 Air Pressure—Use a supercharging blower or other
stand/laboratory to conduct such tests on non-reference oils.
device arranged to control air pressure.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, it can also refer to
6.3 Air Intake System—Use the 1Y38 surge chamber and
tests conducted on parts to ensure their suitability for use in
the air heater mechanism (see Annex A1) or its equivalent.
reference or non-reference tests.
6.4 Humidity—Use a system to control humidity to the
3.2.2 test, n—any test time accumulated in accordance with
specified test conditions.
this test method.
6.5 Cooling System—Use a closed, pressurized, circulating
cooling system having an engine-driven centrifugal water
4. Summary of Test Method
pump.
4.1 Prior to each test run, the power section of the engine 6.6 Speed/Load Controls—Use a dynamometer or suitable
(excluding piston assembly) is completely disassembled, loading device to control engine speed and measure load.
solvent-cleaned, measured, and rebuilt in strict accordance 6.7 Starting—Use a suitable starting arrangement capable
with furnished specifications.Anew piston, piston ring assem- of 420 N·m (310 lbf·ft) breakaway and 373 N·m (275 lbf·ft)
bly, and cylinder liner are installed each test. The engine sustained torque at approximately 200 r/min.
D6618–00
6.8 Exhaust System—Use an exhaust system using piping by the requesting laboratory and submitted to Perkin Elmer
and an exhaust barrel as specified in Annex A1. A restriction Automotive Research.
valve down stream of the barrel maintains the exhaust gases at
6.11.2.3 Perkin Elmer Automotive Research will enclose a
a given back pressure as sp
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