ASTM F1231-14
(Guide)Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Rivers and Creeks
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Rivers and Creeks
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It is not considered as “last resort” after all other methods have failed.
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered.
1.4 This guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1231 − 14
Standard Guide for
Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill
Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
1
Rivers and Creeks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1231; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Thisguidecoverstheuseofoilspilldispersantstoassist
F2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of
in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal
Dispersant Use
of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal
is the basis on which the recommendations are made.Aesthetic
3. Significance and Use
and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these
3.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response
and other factors are often important in spill response.
teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control
events.
or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circum-
given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It
stances.
is not considered as “last resort” after all other methods have
failed.
4. Environment Covered—Rivers and Creeks
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide,
4.1 Rivers and creeks are moving bodies of fresh water that
includescrudeoilsandrefinedpetroleumproducts.Differences
are a significant part of major water systems. They have a
between individual dispersants or between different oil prod-
dynamic near-shore ecology and a wide variety of animal and
ucts are not considered.
plant species. In northern regions, these water bodies may be
partly or completely ice covered during part of the year.
1.4 This guide is organized by habitat type, for example,
Shallow rivers and most creeks may freeze to the bottom in the
small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It
winter.Commerciallyimportantfishingandrecreationalactivi-
considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats
ties are frequently associated with these water bodies.
from impact (or to minimize impacts).
4.2 Rivers generally refer to large bodies of moving water,
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland
whereas creeks are smaller bodies of flowing water.
environments. It does not consider the direct application of
4.3 The characteristics of these water bodies are:
dispersants to subsurface waters.
4.3.1 Flowing water,
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate govern-
4.3.2 Water depths in excess of1mis designated as a river,
ment authorities should be consulted as required by law.
shallower would be a creek,
4.3.3 A low organic content bottom except in shallow near
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
shore still-water areas,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.3.4 Acidic water in some areas especially near industrial
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
regions,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3.5 A well defined source or outlet, or both, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3.6 A well defined shoreline consisting of sand beaches
and rocky headlands similar to marine and lake environments.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F20.13 on Treatment. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1231 – 08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F1231-14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1231 − 14
5. Background 6.3 In most cases, the mortality of individual creatures,
while of concern, is of less concern than the destruction of
5.1 The effects of oil and dispersed oil on these aquatic
habitat. The repopulation of areas after the spill will occur
environments have been the subject of numerous studies. The
naturally when an area becomes a suitable habitat for a given
studies have involved both intentional experimental spills and
3 species.
studies undertaken
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1231 − 08 F1231 − 14
Standard Guide for
Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill
Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
1
Rivers and Creeks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1231; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of
minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and
socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is given
equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It is not considered as “last resort” after all other methods have failed.
1.3 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied
correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is assumed
that the dispersant is nonpersistent in the natural environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum
products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered.
1.4 This guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the
use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of
dispersants to subsurface waters.
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of Dispersant Use
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances.
4. Environment Covered—Rivers and Creeks
4.1 Rivers and creeks are moving bodies of fresh water that are a significant part of major water systems. They have a dynamic
near-shore ecology and a wide variety of animal and plant species. In northern regions, these water bodies may be partly or
completely ice covered during part of the year. Shallow rivers and most creeks may freeze to the bottom in the winter.
Commercially important fishing and recreational activities are frequently associated with these water bodies.
4.2 Rivers generally refer to large bodies of moving water, whereas creeks are smaller bodies of flowing water.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.13
on Treatment.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008March 1, 2014. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 19992008 as F1231 – 89
(1999).F1231 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/F1231-08.10.1520/F1231-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1231 − 14
4.3 The characteristics of these water bodies are:
4.3.1 Flowing water,
4.3.2 Water depths in excess of 1 m is designated as a river, shallower would be a creek,
4.3.3 A low organic content bottom except in shallow near shore still-water areas,
4.3.4 Acidic water in some areas especially near industrial reg
...
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