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ASTM C273/C273M-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials

Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear properties of sandwich construction core materials associated with shear distortion of planes parallel to the facings. It covers the determination of shear strength parallel to the plane of the sandwich, and the shear modulus associated with strains in a plane normal to the facings. The test may be conducted on core materials bonded directly to the loading plates or the sandwich facings bonded to the plates. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2006
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.09 - Sandwich Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C273/C273M-07 - Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007

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ASTM C273/C273M-06 - Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation:C273/C273M–06
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 273/C 273M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear
D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
properties of sandwich construction core materials associated
Resins
with shear distortion of planes parallel to the facings. It covers
D 2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plas-
the determination of shear strength parallel to the plane of the
tics
sandwich, and the shear modulus associated with strains in a
D 3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
plane normal to the facings.The test may be conducted on core
Materials
materials bonded directly to the loading plates or the sandwich
D 3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
facings bonded to the plates. Permissible core material forms
D 5229/D 5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption
include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa
Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding
trix Composite Materials
surfaces (such as honeycomb).
D 5687/D 5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
tion
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
D 5961/D 5961M Test Method for Bearing Response of
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
standard.
ing
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Characteristic of a Lot or Process
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM Test Methods
2. Referenced Documents
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
2
E 1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
C 271/C 271M Test Method for Density of Core Sandwich
E 1434 GuideforRecordingMechanicalTestDataofFiber-
Materials
Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
C 274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
E 1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core
C 393 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Sandwich
Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
Constructions
D 792 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—TerminologyD 3878definestermsrelating
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
C 274 defines terms relating to structural sandwich construc-
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
tions. Terminology D 883 defines terms relating to plastics.
Sandwich Construction.
TerminologyE6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
e1
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 273 – 00 .
Terminology E 456 and Practice E 177 define terms relating to
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
statistics.Intheeventofaconflictbetweenterms,Terminology
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D 3878 shall have precedence over the other terminologies.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.2 Symbols:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C273/C273M–06
b = width of specimen bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same
CV = coefficient of variation statistic of a sample population core and facing material.
for a given property (in percent)
G = core shear modulus 6. Interferences
L =
...

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1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial high bypass - low bearing interaction response of multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers using a two-fastener hard point joint specimen. The scope of this test method is limited to net section (bypass) failure modes. Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for this procedure. A number of test parameters may be varied within the scope of the standard, provided that the parameters are fully documented in the test report. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1. This test method was previously published under Test Method D7248/D7248M-17 Procedure C.  
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5.1 It is well known that the prepreg impregnation level affects handling characteristics, tack and drape, and final part quality. Resin impregnation level is the dominant factor in the ability of removing air and volatiles from the layup during processing. Partially impregnated prepreg materials can in some applications provide higher quality, lower void content composite parts, and are becoming increasingly more common due to the desire to cure out-of-autoclave, using vacuum bag-only processes. This test can identify small changes in the material impregnation level which can assist in definition of production processes or shipping and handling procedures. The value of permeability can be used for specifying ranges as acceptance requirements for prepreg materials, thus enabling the prepreg manufacturer and user greater confidence in the ability to produce repeatable and high quality parts. This test directly determines the actual air flow propensity of the material tested without any applied compaction pressure during testing.  
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1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
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Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
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1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen (Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
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5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 Sandwich damage resistance testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of facing geometry, facing stacking sequence, facing-to-core interface, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness, core thickness, etc.), core density, core strength, processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular sandwich panel to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force, drop-weight impact force, or impact energy.  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.  
5.2.3 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D8287/D8287M and Practice D8388/D8388M.  
5.2.4 Quasi-static indentation tests can also be used to identify a specific sequence of damage events (only the final damage state is identifiable after a drop-weight impact test).  
5.3 The properties obtained using these practices can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of sandwich structures with similar materials, geometry, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a sandwich structu...
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1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not ...

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