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ASTM D7024-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Steady State and Dynamic Thermal Performance of Textile Materials (Withdrawn 2013)

Standard Test Method for Steady State and Dynamic Thermal Performance of Textile Materials (Withdrawn 2013)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method provides for the determination of the steady state thermal resistance of a fabric or layers of fabrics and for the determination of the temperature regulating factor (TRF) as defined below. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the round robin testing shows high precision and no bias for testing of textile fabrics and foams.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method is useful in quality and cost control during manufacture. It can be used to establish criteria for establishing thermal and comfort parameters for textiles particularly used in the clothing industry.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the overall thermal transmission coefficient due to conduction for dry specimens of textile fabrics, battings, and other materials and the determination of the temperature regulating factor (TRF) defined below.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the overall thermal transmission coefficient due to conduction for dry specimens of textile fabrics, battings, and other materials and the determination of the temperature regulating factor (TRF) defined below.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in March 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
29-Feb-2004
Withdrawal Date
17-Mar-2013
ICS
59.080.01 - Textiles in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.51 - Conditioning, Chemical and Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D7024-04 - Standard Test Method for Steady State and Dynamic Thermal Performance of Textile Materials (Withdrawn 2013)ASTM D7024-04 - Standard Test Method for Steady State and Dynamic Thermal Performance of Textile Materials (Withdrawn 2013)
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ASTM D7024-04 - Standard Test Method for Steady State and Dynamic Thermal Performance of Textile Materials (Withdrawn 2013)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7024 − 04
StandardTest Method for
Steady State and Dynamic Thermal Performance of Textile
1,2
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7024; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ing fabrics that store and release energy and thereby regulate
their surface temperature.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the overall
thermal transmission coefficient due to conduction for dry
3.2 Fordefinitionsofothertextiletermsusedinthismethod
specimens of textile fabrics, battings, and other materials and
refer to Terminology D123.
the determination of the temperature regulating factor (TRF)
defined below.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 In order to determine the steady state R-value and the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
temperature regulating for a sample fabric, the apparatus of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Fig. 1 is used. Fabric is sandwiched between a hot plate and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
twocoldplates,oneoneithersideofthehotplate.Acontrolled
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
flux, either constant or varying, is maintained for the hot plate
while the cold plates are maintained at constant temperature.
2. Referenced Documents
To measure the steady state thermal resistance (R-value) of the
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fabric,thecontrolledfluxisconstantandthetestproceedsuntil
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
steady state is reached. To measure the temperature regulating
D1518Test Method for Thermal Resistance of Batting
factor (TRF), the flux is varied sinusoidally with time.
Systems Using a Hot Plate
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
5. Significance and Use
D1777Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
5.1 This method provides for the determination of the
steady state thermal resistance of a fabric or layers of fabrics
3. Terminology
and for the determination of the temperature regulating factor
3.1 Definitions:
(TRF) as defined below. This test method is considered
3.1.1 temperature difference, ∆T—temperature difference
satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments
between two surfaces of a fabric, °C.
because the round robin testing shows high precision and no
3.1.2 temperature regulating factor, TRF—amplitude of the
bias for testing of textile fabrics and foams.
temperaturevariationofthehotplatedividedbytheproductof
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
theamplitudeofthehotplatefluxvariationandthesteadystate
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
R-value,alldeterminedaccordingtothetestprotocoldescribed
comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a
below. The temperature regulating factor is useful in compar-
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
tance.As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative
test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning and, lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
Chemical and Thermal Properties.
during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. DOI: 10.1520/
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
D7024-04.
2 involved should be compared using a statistical test for
Thetestapparatusdescribedbelowiscoveredbyapatent.Interestedpartiesare
invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
patenteditemtotheASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceive
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
you may attend.
3
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 This test method is useful in quality and cost control
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. during manufacture. It can be used to establish criteria for
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...

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ASTM D123-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles

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1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Committee D13 on Textiles.  
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1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsibility of the terminology subcommittee, the concept of managing terminology is the broad responsibility of every writer of standards, specifically the task group leader and subcommittee chairman.  
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1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.  
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ASTM D5591-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal Shrinkage Force Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarns and cords.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Experience shows that yarns or cords on would packages, usually being under tension, exhibit a contraction in length (and a resulting increase in linear density) when removed from the package and allowed to relax over a period of time at room temperature. Consequently, it they are tested without being allowed to relax, they will register higher thermal shrinkage force values as the relaxation shrinkage will be incorrectly included as the thermal shrinkage force.  
5.2.1 Retractive forces vary widely by polymer type, being almost nil within aramids and significant within most nylons. For example, the exposure of untensioned skeins of nylon yarn or cord to 95 to 100 % relative humidity at room temperature for two days and reconditioning under standard laboratory conditions will cause most of the length change that is possible at room temperature to occur within a sample. This reduction in length is accompanied by some lowering of thermal shrinkage force.  
5.3 The thermal...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers preparation and procedures to measure the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords in air.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to measurement of the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords whose shrinkage force at 180 ± 2 °C (355 ± 4 °F) in air does not exceed 20 N (4 lbf). This test method is applicable to nylon, polyester, and aramid yarns and cords within the applicable range of thermal shrinkage force, as well as to comparable yarns and cords from other polymers.  
1.2.1 Test specimens may be taken from yarn or cord packages, or retrieved from fabrics.  
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ASTM D7785-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The water content of raw or lint cotton determined by this practice, calculated from the required volume of reagent, may be greater, equal to or less than the moisture content measured by standard oven drying methods. These differences may be of significance in commercial transactions (1-3)4 (see also Appendix X2). Water content by this method is not to be considered the same attribute as moisture content.  
5.2 Standard test methods using volumetric and coulometric Karl Fischer reagent are two of the most widely used procedures for the determination of water.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the total amount of water (free and bound) in raw and lint cotton at moisture equilibrium from conditioning in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
Note 1: For other methods of determination of moisture in lint cotton that do not specify conditioning to moisture equilibrium, refer to Test Methods D2495 and D1348.  
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Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton

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5.1 This practice is not recommended for acceptance testing because the information obtained is qualitative rather than quantitative in nature.  
5.2 The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects due to neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red dye is retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and the green by the thin-walled fibers.  
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1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.  
1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.  
1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.  
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ASTM D5426-19(Practice)
Standard Practices for Visual Inspection and Grading of Fabrics Used for Inflatable Restraints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These practices are suitable for incorporation in a specification. Any reference to material or cushion specification in these practices shall mean any similar agreement between the purchaser and supplier relating to the inspection and acceptance of fabric intended for inflatable restraint use.  
5.2 These practices constitute the terminology, conditions, equipment, and procedures by which rolls of inflatable restraint fabrics or cut parts are inspected and graded.  
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5.4 These practices acknowledge that, in the normal course of production, acceptable rolls of fabric will be produced containing imperfections; subsequently, pieces will be cut from the rolls and those pieces that contain imperfections restricted in Tables 1-5 will be culled at that time.  
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5.6 Systematic bias may result from using these practices whenever the precision or scale of the visual aids used to identify and quantify imperfections differs between the purchaser and supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures for the inspection and grading of coated and uncoated woven flat and one-piece woven (OPW) fabrics, and for the inspection and culling of cut parts made of such fabrics, all of which are used in the manufacture of inflatable restraint cushions.  
1.2 For ease of reference, the scope, summary of practice, significance and use, apparatus, sampling, procedure, and report sections are listed separately for each inspection practice.    
Inspection Practice  
Section  
Fabric Rolls  
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Cut Pieces & OPW  
8  
1.3 These practices can be used to distinguish those fabric imperfections that may adversely affect inflatable restraint cushion fabrication or performance from those imperfections that will not.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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ASTM D5822-13(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Seam Strength in Inflatable Restraint Cushions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Seam strength testing is used for design validation and for lot acceptance.  
5.2 This test method constitutes the conditions, procedures, and equipment by which either seams taken from inflatable restraint cushions, or seam types that can potentially be used for inflatable restraint cushions are tested for seam strength, seam efficiency, and failure mode. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishing a written part specification or print. The specification or agreement of purchaser and supplier may deviate from the procedures described herein when (based on experience) considerations of equipment, cushion design, or other factors dictate otherwise.  
5.3 In cases of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should perform comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens from the same lot of fabric to be evaluated, which utilize a like seam assembly (or standard seam assembly) to achieve seam interaction. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be determined and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.4 Test Method D5822 is a reliable test method but procedures which may require special attention are identified in the precision and bias section of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of seam efficiency and the maximum seam strength in inflatable restraint cushions composed of woven fabrics when a force is applied perpendicular to the seam, using a grab test. For evaluating sewing thread, refer to Test Method D204.  
1.2 This test method is restricted to seams that are either obtained from an inflatable restraint cushion or prepared off-line, specifically for testing, using fabric blanks, not obtained from a previously sewn cushion assembly. Seams may include but are not limited to sewn, OPW, glued, sealed and sewn, or fused (chemically or thermally). This test method can be used for either lot testing of production cushions, or for research and development purposes.  
1.3 This test method is used when the measurement of a resistance to a specified force, a breaking force, a minimum elongation, or a combination thereof are required to determine the seam strength, or seam integrity of a particular fabric for inflatable restraint use.  
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this standard may be used by agreement between purchaser and supplier with the specific deviations from the standard acknowledged in the report.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.  
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ASTM D4848-98(2018)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles

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1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions of technical terms related to force and deformation properties when evaluating a stress-strain curve of a textile. (See Figs. X1.1 and X1.2.) A chart showing the relationship of the basic terms is shown in Table 1. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 For other terms associated with textiles, refer to Terminology D123.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles

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1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Committee D13 on Textiles.  
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1.2 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminology D123 is also a tool for managing the committee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words. Redundancies can also occur when one definition is used for two or more terms.  
1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsibility of the terminology subcommittee, the concept of managing terminology is the broad responsibility of every writer of standards, specifically the task group leader and subcommittee chairman.  
1.4 Subsequent to a listing of specific subcommittee compilations, this standard is comprised of the following sections that are listed in the order in which they appear.  
1.4.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions followed by SC attribution in brackets and SC terminology standard.  
1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.  
1.4.3 Annex A2 Industry Accepted Synonyms.  
1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 Standards That Have Been Withdrawn.  
1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.  
1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.  
1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Committee D13 on Textiles.  
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1.1.2 The specific D13 subcommittee (SC) which has jurisdictional responsibility for every item is the first attribution noted after the definition. The SC terminology standard in which all the terms and definitions appear is listed by number after the jurisdiction for the term. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without the approval of the subcommittee which has jurisdiction. Users of this compilation should also review the SC terminology standard listed for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC having jurisdiction.  
1.2 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminology D123 is also a tool for managing the committee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words. Redundancies can also occur when one definition is used for two or more terms.  
1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsibility of the terminology subcommittee, the concept of managing terminology is the broad responsibility of every writer of standards, specifically the task group leader and subcommittee chairman.  
1.4 Subsequent to a listing of specific subcommittee compilations, this standard is comprised of the following sections that are listed in the order in which they appear.  
1.4.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions followed by SC attribution in brackets and SC terminology standard.  
1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.  
1.4.3 Annex A2 Industry Accepted Synonyms.  
1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 Standards That Have Been Withdrawn.  
1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.  
1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.  
1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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