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ASTM D1464-12(2019)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton

Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is not recommended for acceptance testing because the information obtained is qualitative rather than quantitative in nature.  
5.2 The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects due to neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red dye is retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and the green by the thin-walled fibers.  
5.3 The color response of the specimens to the dyes in the binary mixture reflects the behavior to be expected with many other dyes. The colors from red to green may be influenced by factors such as weather during the growing period, exposure of open bolls in the field before harvest, natural color, fineness, and degree of wall development.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a test for the characterization of certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This practice is especially applicable to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to cotton yarns and fabrics.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2019
ICS
59.080.01 - Textiles in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.11 - Cotton Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1464-12 - Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Refers
ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Refers
ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Apr-2015
Refers
ASTM D7139-09(2013) - Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jul-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-13ae1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Jun-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Jun-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-May-2013
Refers
ASTM D3775-12 - Standard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Refers
ASTM D1441-12 - Standard Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Refers
ASTM D123-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Refers
ASTM D123-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Refers
ASTM D7139-09e1 - Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Refers
ASTM D123-09e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009

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ASTM D1464-12(2019) - Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1464 − 12 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
nology D123.
1.1 This practice covers a test for the characterization of
certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This practice is especially
4. Summary of Practice
applicable to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to
4.1 Specimens are dyed under specified conditions in a bath
cotton yarns and fabrics.
containing a mixture of prescribed red and green dyes. The
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
resultant colors are compared with those of cottons of known
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
dyeing behavior or fiber properties.
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 This practice is not recommended for acceptance testing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
because the information obtained is qualitative rather than
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
quantitative in nature.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 5.2 The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of
the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects due
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the to neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity
of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
dye is retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the green by the thin-walled fibers.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.3 The color response of the specimens to the dyes in the
2. Referenced Documents
binary mixture reflects the behavior to be expected with many
other dyes. The colors from red to green may be influenced by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
factors such as weather during the growing period, exposure of
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
open bolls in the field before harvest, natural color, fineness,
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
and degree of wall development.
D3775 Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count
of Woven Fabrics
6. Apparatus
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
6.1 Balance,havingacapacityof1000gandasensitivityof
3. Terminology
0.05 g.
3.1 ForallterminologyrelatedtoD13.11,CottonFibers,see
6.2 Beakers, preferably of stainless steel, having capacities
Terminology D7139.
of 400, 1200, 2000, and 3000 mL.
3.1.1 The following term is relevant to this standard: differ-
6.3 Clothes Wringer, or Centrifuge.
ential dyeing behavior.
6.4 Cylinders, graduated, having capacities of 5, 10, 25, 50,
100, and 500 mL or Burets (automatic, screw-top, acid-bottle
type preferred).
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
6.5 Büchner Filter Funnel, coarse, fritted-disk, 80-mm.
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally approved
6.6 Source of Suction.
in 1957 as 1957T. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1464 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/D1464-12R19.
6.7 Sewing Machine, or Needle and Thread.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.8 Timer (with Second Hand), or Stop Watch.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.9 Wiley Mill, laboratory model.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1464 − 12 (2019)
7. Reagents and Material stirring, 2.5 mLof the sodium chloride stock solution per gram
of the total weight (specimen and gauze), and sufficient
7.1 Dyes:
distilled water to maintain the 40 mL volume for each gram of
7.1.1 CI Direct Green 26 (Color Index No. 34045), 1 g/100
the total weight. Submerge the specimens in the boiling bath
mL stock solution.
forasecond15mindyeingperiod;thenliftthespecimenabove
7.1.2 CI Direct Red 81 (Color Index No. 28160), 0.5 g/100
the bath and add, while stirring, a second 2.5 mLof the sodium
mL stock solution.
chloride stock solution, per gram of the original total weight.
7.2 Distilled Water.
Replace the specimens in the boiling dye bath for a final 15
min. The total dyeing time is 45 min.
7.3 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose, low viscosity.
7.4 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution (1 %)— 10.4 Lift the dyed specimen from the bath, squeeze, cool,
and wash with two changes of distilled water at room tempera-
Dissolve 0.1 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in distilled
water and dilute to 100 mL. ture in the proportion of 50 mL of water to1gofair-dry total
weight. Squeeze out the excess water and pull apart the matted
NOTE 1—Any commercially available distilled water or water singly
fibers while in the gauze bag. Dip the bagged specimen into
distilled in laboratory glassware is acceptable.
vigorously boiling distilled water (50 times the original total
7.5 Sodium Chloride Solution (1%)—Dissolve1gofre-
...

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5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarns and cords.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers preparation and procedures to measure the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords in air.  
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5.1 The water content of raw or lint cotton determined by this practice, calculated from the required volume of reagent, may be greater, equal to or less than the moisture content measured by standard oven drying methods. These differences may be of significance in commercial transactions (1-3)4 (see also Appendix X2). Water content by this method is not to be considered the same attribute as moisture content.  
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SCOPE
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5.1 These practices are suitable for incorporation in a specification. Any reference to material or cushion specification in these practices shall mean any similar agreement between the purchaser and supplier relating to the inspection and acceptance of fabric intended for inflatable restraint use.  
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1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions of technical terms related to force and deformation properties when evaluating a stress-strain curve of a textile. (See Figs. X1.1 and X1.2.) A chart showing the relationship of the basic terms is shown in Table 1. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
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1.1 This standard is a compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D13.62 on Labeling and related to refurbishing or care of floor coverings and textile upholstered furniture, excluding leather. These items cannot be refurbished by the laundering and dry cleaning methods used for apparel and other domestic textile products.  
1.2 This document defines terms for the care of textile floor coverings and textile upholstered furniture. The exact care instructions and sequence of procedures are to be determined by the manufacturer.  
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1.9 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminology D5253 is also useful for managing the subcommittee's terminology.  
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4.1 This test method is the procedure of choice for determining volatile content of sheet-fed and coldset web offset inks. This information is useful to the ink manufacturer and user and to environmental interests as part of the determination of the mass of volatile organic compounds emitted from the ink.
Note 3: Since these inks do not contain water or any materials currently classified by US EPA as negligibly photochemically reactive (exempt solvents), volatile organic compound content is the same as volatile content. The volatile organic compounds in these inks are high boiling hydrocarbon oils which are, according to US EPA guidelines, 95 % retained in the printed substrate or oxidized into the ink film. Therefore, the mass of volatile organic compound emitted from the ink would be calculated as only 5 % of the volatile organic compound content of the ink as derived from the results of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determination of the weight percent volatile content of sheet-fed and coldset web offset printing inks. Test specimens are heated at 110 °C ± 1 °C for 60 min.
Note 1: Coldset web offset printing is often (also) referred to as non-heatset web offset printing.  
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ASTM D123-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Committee D13 on Textiles.  
1.1.1 This terminology, consists mostly of definitions, which are specific to the textile industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the textile industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The specific D13 subcommittee (SC) which has jurisdictional responsibility for every item is the first attribution noted after the definition. The SC terminology standard in which all the terms and definitions appear is listed by number after the jurisdiction for the term. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without the approval of the subcommittee which has jurisdiction. Users of this compilation should also review the SC terminology standard listed for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC having jurisdiction.  
1.2 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminology D123 is also a tool for managing the committee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words. Redundancies can also occur when one definition is used for two or more terms.  
1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsibility of the terminology subcommittee, the concept of managing terminology is the broad responsibility of every writer of standards, specifically the task group leader and subcommittee chairman.  
1.4 Subsequent to a listing of specific subcommittee compilations, this standard is comprised of the following sections that are listed in the order in which they appear.  
1.4.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions followed by SC attribution in brackets and SC terminology standard.  
1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.  
1.4.3 Annex A2 Industry Accepted Synonyms.  
1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 Standards That Have Been Withdrawn.  
1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.  
1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.  
1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2922-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Use of Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Antibacterial Activity on Textiles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Antimicrobial agents are routinely used for treating textile materials for the reduction of biodeterioration and bacterial odor generation. Furthermore, textiles are treated to prevent or limit microbial cross-contamination in healthcare settings.  
4.2 Antimicrobial agents used in textiles will vary with regard to their broad-spectrum effectiveness, biostatic/biocidal properties, and binding properties in or on particular substrates. When selecting antibacterial test methods as the sole means to predict end use behavior it is critical to understand the intended end use conditions of the treated articles.  
4.3 Textile materials differ with regard to the knit/weave, fabric composition, and added functional feature (for example, water repellent, flame retardant, softener, whitener). Each of these factors may alter test results within a given method.  
4.4 The test methods indicated below differ mainly in the procedure for inoculating samples, levels of nutrients in the bacterial challenge, organisms used, exposure times, and procedure for sterilization of test samples. Each of these parameters are often subject to industry modifications.  
4.5 Some antimicrobial treated articles are not suitable for sterilization due to the sensitivity of these antimicrobial agents to high temperature and humidity. Furthermore, some antimicrobial agents may be unrealistically activated due to UV sterilization which could show false positive antimicrobial properties. Sterilization of test fabrics prior to testing should be avoided if possible. All modifications of the methods indicated below should be clearly indicated on associated test reports and should be appropriate to the antimicrobial technology used.  
4.6 This guide is intended to review each commonly used industry test standard for its applicability with an understanding of each of the factors listed above. Further, it is the intention of this guide to indicate commonly used and generally accepted modifications of e...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides users with an index of procedures in the form of test methods, practices, and related international documents that are currently used in the textile industry for determining antibacterial properties of antimicrobial treated textile articles. This guide is not considered as all-inclusive for antimicrobial testing procedures related to textiles.  
1.2 This guide identifies some existing ASTM and other industry standard test methods applicable for testing the antibacterial performance on textiles and discusses options within each method that have been used to address specific end-use performance expectations in addition to measuring wash durability of such activity.  
1.3 This guide is intended to assist testing facilities in determining which test methods are appropriate for which treated articles based on type of antimicrobial active involved (diffusible versus non-diffusible), nature of test fabric, and expected end use.  
1.4 The test methods indicated in this guide should be performed only by those trained in microbiological techniques, are familiar with textile antimicrobial agents and with the end use exposures of the antimicrobial treated textile material.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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