ASTM D8431-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
Standard Test Method for Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Source water protection calls for a rapid and reliable optical method to identify and quantify the oil spill contamination, such as water-soluble fraction of aromatic compounds from the BTEX family (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and naphthalene from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group.
5.2 This test method identifies the presence of contamination and quantifies the target contamination component(s) to provide a threshold-based alert signal.
5.3 This test method can be used by drinking water treatment plant operators and decision makers as a first line of defense for both initially detecting petroleum product spills, as well as tracking attenuation over time, in source water to prevent contaminant uptake into the processed water and treatment infrastructure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the (1) detection of trace level (µg/L range) of oil and petroleum (water-soluble fraction) pollutants in surface and ground drinking water sources, (2) identification of the compounds, and (3) alerting analysts with a contaminant concentration prediction. This test method facilitates identification and quantification from 20 to 1000 µg/L of target contaminants, including: water-soluble fraction of aromatic compounds from the BTEX family (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and naphthalene from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group, referred to as BTEXN in this test method, in water samples with up to 15 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The main approach involves analyzing and characterizing key water intake locations before the treatment and developing the contaminant library. The water-soluble (BTEXN) contaminants are associated with, but not limited to petroleum oils and fuels including commercial diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, heavy oil, fuel oil and lubricate oil, etc.
1.2 The data sets are analyzed using multivariate methods to test contaminant identification and quantification. The multivariate methods include classification and regression algorithms to analyze fluorescence EEM data acquired in the laboratory. The common goal of these algorithms is to reduce multidimensionality and eliminate noise of fluorescence and background signals. Automated identification-quantification methods linked directly to the instrument acquisition-analysis software are commercially available.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8431 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM
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Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8431; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the (1) detection of trace level
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(µg/L range) of oil and petroleum (water-soluble fraction)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
pollutants in surface and ground drinking water sources, (2)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
identification of the compounds, and (3) alerting analysts with
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
a contaminant concentration prediction. This test method
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
facilitates identification and quantification from 20 to 1000
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
µg/L of target contaminants, including: water-soluble fraction
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of aromatic compounds from the BTEX family (benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and naphthalene from the
2. Referenced Documents
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group, referred to as
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
BTEXN in this test method, in water samples with up to 15
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
mg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The main approach
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
involves analyzing and characterizing key water intake loca-
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
tions before the treatment and developing the contaminant
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
library. The water-soluble (BTEXN) contaminants are associ-
D3650 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-
ated with, but not limited to petroleum oils and fuels including
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leum Oils By Fluorescence Analysis (Withdrawn 2018)
commercial diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, heavy oil, fuel oil
D3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and
and lubricate oil, etc.
for Preservation of Organic Constituents
1.2 Thedatasetsareanalyzedusingmultivariatemethodsto
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
test contaminant identification and quantification. The multi-
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
variate methods include classification and regression algo-
D6046 Classification of Hydraulic Fluids for Environmental
rithms to analyze fluorescence EEM data acquired in the
Impact
laboratory. The common goal of these algorithms is to reduce
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
multidimensionality and eliminate noise of fluorescence and
Nanofiltration,andReverseOsmosisMembraneProcesses
background signals. Automated identification-quantification
E169 PracticesforGeneralTechniquesofUltraviolet-Visible
methods linked directly to the instrument acquisition-analysis
Quantitative Analysis
software are commercially available.
E2617 Practice for Validation of Empirically Derived Mul-
tivariate Calibrations
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E2719 Guide for Fluorescence—Instrument Calibration and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Qualification
standard.
E2891 Guide for Multivariate Data Analysis in Pharmaceu-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tical Development and Manufacturing Applications
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.06onMethodsforAnalysisfor Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Organic Substances in Water. the ASTM website.
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Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published July 2022. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D8431-22. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8431 − 22
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