ASTM C925-09(2019)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
Standard Guide for Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Both suppliers and users of pulverized ceramic powders will find this test method useful to determine particle size distributions for materials specifications, manufacturing control, development, and research.
4.2 The test method is simple, although tedious, uses inexpensive equipment, and will provide a continuous curve with data obtained with standardized woven sieves.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the particle size distribution of pulverized alumina and quartz for particle sizes from 45 to 5 μm by wet sieving.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 The only exception is in the Section 5, Apparatus, 5.1 where there is no relevant SI equivalent.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Sep-2019
- Technical Committee
- C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
- Drafting Committee
- C21.04 - Raw Materials
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2004
- Effective Date
- 10-Apr-2000
- Effective Date
- 10-Dec-1996
Overview
ASTM C925-09(2019), titled "Standard Guide for Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders," is an internationally recognized ASTM standard that provides guidance for determining the particle size distribution of pulverized alumina and quartz ceramic powders using precision electroformed wet sieves. This standard is especially valuable for both suppliers and users of nonplastic ceramic materials, offering reliable methods for consistent materials specification, quality control, manufacturing processes, and research and development.
Designed according to best practices outlined by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee, ASTM C925-09(2019) ensures a simple but effective process for measuring particle size distributions in the range of 45 to 5 micrometers (μm). The guide specifies the use of SI units as standard and calls for safe laboratory practices during testing procedures.
Key Topics
- Wet Sieve Analysis: A method for determining the particle size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders, such as alumina and quartz, in the 45 to 5 μm size range using wet sieving techniques.
- Precision Electroformed Sieves: Use of high-precision sieves, typically 3-inch in diameter with brass frames, featuring standardized woven mesh openings for consistent and repeatable results.
- Testing Apparatus and Materials:
- Filtration and vacuum apparatus for efficient wet sieving
- Analytical balances for accurate sample weighing
- Supplies including sieving solutions (e.g., sodium hexametaphosphate dispersants), drying agents, and ultrasonic cleaners for sieve maintenance
- Sampling and Preparation: Emphasis on careful sample subdivision techniques (splitters, rifflers, cone-and-quartering) to avoid segregation and ensure representative analysis.
- Procedure:
- Preparation and cleaning of sieves and test samples
- Use of ultrasonic dispersion and vacuum filtration for efficient particle separation
- Multiple measurements and replications recommended for consistent results
- Reporting Results: Calculation and documentation of weight percent of particles retained on each sieve, providing a continuous particle size distribution curve.
Applications
- Materials Specification: Assures ceramic powders meet target particle size distributions for technical ceramics used in electronics, refractories, or structural components.
- Manufacturing Quality Control: Supports verification and control of raw material properties in ceramic production lines, leading to consistent product performance and reducing defects.
- Research and Development: Facilitates the development of new ceramic materials by providing reliable and repeatable particle size data.
- Supplier-User Communication: Establishes a trusted, common testing protocol for purchasing specifications and dispute resolution based on standardized data.
By implementing this standard, laboratories and manufacturers can achieve cost-effective, high-precision particle size analysis using accessible equipment, aiding in compliance and competitiveness in global markets.
Related Standards
- ASTM E161 – Specification for Electroformed Material and Test Sieves: Reference standard for the manufacturing and calibration of sieves used in wet sieve analysis.
- ASTM C21 – Committee oversight for ceramic whitewares and related products, ensuring consistent development and review of relevant standards.
Keywords: ASTM C925, wet sieve analysis, ceramic powders, particle size distribution, precision electroformed sieves, alumina, quartz, ceramics quality control, laboratory testing standards, materials specification, nonplastic ceramics.
For further detail and latest updates, consult ASTM International or relevant technical committees.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM C925-09(2019) is a guide published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Guide for Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Both suppliers and users of pulverized ceramic powders will find this test method useful to determine particle size distributions for materials specifications, manufacturing control, development, and research. 4.2 The test method is simple, although tedious, uses inexpensive equipment, and will provide a continuous curve with data obtained with standardized woven sieves. SCOPE 1.1 This guide covers the determination of the particle size distribution of pulverized alumina and quartz for particle sizes from 45 to 5 μm by wet sieving. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 The only exception is in the Section 5, Apparatus, 5.1 where there is no relevant SI equivalent. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Both suppliers and users of pulverized ceramic powders will find this test method useful to determine particle size distributions for materials specifications, manufacturing control, development, and research. 4.2 The test method is simple, although tedious, uses inexpensive equipment, and will provide a continuous curve with data obtained with standardized woven sieves. SCOPE 1.1 This guide covers the determination of the particle size distribution of pulverized alumina and quartz for particle sizes from 45 to 5 μm by wet sieving. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 The only exception is in the Section 5, Apparatus, 5.1 where there is no relevant SI equivalent. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C925-09(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 81.060.10 - Raw materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM C925-09(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C925-09(2014), ASTM E161-12, ASTM E161-00(2010), ASTM E161-00(2004), ASTM E161-00, ASTM E161-96. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM C925-09(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C925 − 09 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Guide for
Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic
Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C925; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
4.1 Both suppliers and users of pulverized ceramic powders
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the particle size
will find this test method useful to determine particle size
distribution of pulverized alumina and quartz for particle sizes
distributions for materials specifications, manufacturing
from 45 to 5 µm by wet sieving.
control, development, and research.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.2 The test method is simple, although tedious, uses
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
inexpensive equipment, and will provide a continuous curve
standard.
with data obtained with standardized woven sieves.
1.2.1 The only exception is in the Section 5,Apparatus, 5.1
where there is no relevant SI equivalent.
5. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Precision Electroformed Sieves , 3-in., mounted in brass
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
frames, having nominal apertures of 45, 30, 20, 10, and 5 µm
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
andasupportgridhaving5.7linespercentimetre.Intermediate
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sizes may also be used.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Sieving Device (Fig. 1):
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.2.1 Filtering Flask (suction flask), 1-L, with side arm,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2.2 Büchner Funnel (for example, Coors No. 2),
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.2.3 O-Ring, 7.5-cm, rubber,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.2.4 Graduate, 1-L,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.2.5 Rubber Stoppers, one-hole to fit the flask and the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
funnel, two-hole to fit the graduate,
5.2.6 Quantity of glass tubing and rubber tubing,
2. Referenced Documents
5.2.7 Metal Rod, 15 to 20-cm, about 5 mm in diameter, and,
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.2.8 Vacuum Source.
E161 Specification for Electroformed Material and Test
5.3 Ultrasonic Cleaner, required to clean all sieves below
Sieves
20 µm. It should be low-powered (for example, 100 W).
5.4 AnalyticalBalance,capableofweighingupto100gand
3. Summary of Guide
having at least three significant digits after the decimal.
3.1 A separate dispersed suspension of the powder is wet
5.5 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining 110 6 5 °C.
sieved through each sieve, using vacuum and vibration. The
5.6 Desiccator, containing magnesium perchlorate or other
sieve and sample are dried and weighed.
suitable desiccant.
6. Reagents and Materials
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
6.1 Water, visually clear and particle free, not necessarily
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
distilled, at room temperature or slightly above.
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally
6.2 Sieving Solution, a dispersing media consisting of 0.1
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C925 – 09 (2014).
weight % solution of sodium hexametaphosphate or sodium
DOI: 10.1520/C0925-09R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or pyrophosphate in water.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.3 Drying Agents, acetone or methyl alcohol, commercial
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. grade.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C925 − 09 (2019)
within the quoted 2-µm tolerance. The calibration procedure is
given in Appendix X1 of Specification E161.
10. Procedure
10.1 Wash the sieves with the sieving solution, rinse with
water and then with the drying agent, dry at 110 °C for 15 min,
cool in the desiccator, and weigh to at least the nearest 1 mg.
10.2 Sample Size is somewhat dependent upon density, but
the following schedule is satisfactory for alumina and quartz:
Nominal Sieve Sample Weight
Apertures, µm (approximate), g
45, 30, 20 1.0
15, 10 0.4
5 0.15
10.3 Weigh the required amount of sample into a 100-mL
beaker, fill half with sieving solution (containing the dispersing
agent), and disperse by placing beaker in ultrasonic bath for 1
min. Microscopical examination of the particles after disper-
sion may be helpful in determining if the dispersion is
complete.
10.4 Wash the dispersed sample onto the sieve using a wash
bottle containing the sieving solution, turn on vacuum
...
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