ASTM F1668-16(2022)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe
Standard Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide may be used as a reference of acceptable open-cut construction practices for the proper installation of buried fiberglass and thermoplastic pipe. This guide may be used as follows:
4.1.1 Installation contractors have an awareness of the level of workmanship required and use this information for bidding purposes and during construction.
4.1.2 Construction inspectors have a reference of acceptable installation practices.
4.1.3 Specification writers may use this guide as a reference in contract documents.
4.1.4 Designers may review this information during planning and design for factors to consider in the preparation of plans and specifications.
4.1.5 The owner of the pipeline may use this guide as a reference for restoration of proper pipe support and embedment when original construction is disturbed due to repairs, modifications, or construction of adjacent or crossing pipelines or cables.
4.2 This guide should not be used to replace project specification requirements, manufacturer's recommendations, plumbing codes, building codes, or ASTM installation standards, but may be used to supplement that information.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes installation techniques and considerations for open-cut construction of buried pipe. Although this guide was developed for plastic pipe, the concepts of providing the appropriate soil support, care in handling, correct joining techniques, proper soil compaction methods, and prevention of installation damage may apply to any pipe.
1.1.1 Plastic pipe refers to thermoplastic and fiberglass pipe.
1.1.2 Thermoplastic pipe refers to pipe fabricated from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), or polypropylene (PP). A list of specifications for these products is given in Appendix X2.
1.1.3 Fiberglass pipe refers to a glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe. A list of ASTM specifications for these products is given in Appendix X2.
Note 1: Appendix X2 cannot be considered inclusive because there may be unlisted, recently adopted ASTM specifications for new products that may be installed using this guide.
Note 2: Only a few of the ASTM specifications listed in Appendix X2 include the associated fittings. While this guide applies to the installation of pipe, couplings, and fittings, no attempt was made to list all the possible fitting specifications that may be used in conjunction with the pipe specifications. Consult each specification or manufacturer for appropriate fitting standards.
1.1.4 For simplification, the term pipe will be used in this document to mean pipe sections, fittings, and couplings.
1.2 This guide contains general construction information applicable for plastic pipe and supplements the installation standards for the various types of pipe as described in Practices D2321, D2774, D3839, F690, and Guide F645.
Note 3: This guide is not applicable for gas pipe applications as additional requirements may apply.
1.3 Flexible pipe, such as thermoplastic and fiberglass, are typically designed to rely on the stiffness of the soil surrounding the pipe for support. The contract documents should describe the requirements of an appropriate soil support system. The construction practices described in this guide can be instrumental in attaining the required soil stiffness.
1.3.1 A discussion of the interaction between a buried pipe and the surrounding soil and the importance of attaining proper soil support is in Appendix X1.
1.3.2 Following these guidelines will be helpful in preventing local deformations in the pipe.
1.4 This guide does not cover underwater installation, pipe that needs to be supported on piling, perforated pipe used for drainage, or gas pipelines.
1.5 Pipelines through areas described as “expansive soils,” “collapsing soils,” landfills or water-logge...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1668 − 16 (Reapproved 2022) An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1668; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* system. The construction practices described in this guide can
be instrumental in attaining the required soil stiffness.
1.1 This guide describes installation techniques and consid-
1.3.1 A discussion of the interaction between a buried pipe
erationsforopen-cutconstructionofburiedpipe.Althoughthis
andthesurroundingsoilandtheimportanceofattainingproper
guidewasdevelopedforplasticpipe,theconceptsofproviding
soil support is in Appendix X1.
the appropriate soil support, care in handling, correct joining
1.3.2 Following these guidelines will be helpful in prevent-
techniques, proper soil compaction methods, and prevention of
ing local deformations in the pipe.
installation damage may apply to any pipe.
1.1.1 Plasticpipereferstothermoplasticandfiberglasspipe. 1.4 This guide does not cover underwater installation, pipe
1.1.2 Thermoplastic pipe refers to pipe fabricated from that needs to be supported on piling, perforated pipe used for
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile- drainage, or gas pipelines.
butadiene styrene (ABS), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX),
1.5 Pipelines through areas described as “expansive soils,”
chlorinatedpolyvinylchloride(CPVC),orpolypropylene(PP).
“collapsing soils,” landfills or water-logged land (such as
Alist of specifications for these products is given in Appendix
swamps) should be constructed using site-specific installation
X2.
procedures and are not discussed in this guide.
1.1.3 Fiberglass pipe refers to a glass-fiber-reinforced
1.6 This guide is not intended to cover all situations.
thermosetting-resin pipe. A list of ASTM specifications for
Specific pipe characteristics, fluid transported, local site
these products is given in Appendix X2.
conditions, environmental concerns, or manufacturer’s recom-
NOTE 1—Appendix X2 cannot be considered inclusive because there
mendations may require different guidelines.
may be unlisted, recently adopted ASTM specifications for new products
1.7 The construction practices presented in this guide may
that may be installed using this guide.
NOTE 2—Only a few of theASTM specifications listed in Appendix X2
be affected by the installation requirements of owners, speci-
include the associated fittings. While this guide applies to the installation
fying organizations, or regulatory agencies for pipelines cross-
ofpipe,couplings,andfittings,noattemptwasmadetolistallthepossible
ing roads and highways, other pipelines or cables, or water-
fitting specifications that may be used in conjunction with the pipe
ways such as streams, drainage channels, or floodways.
specifications. Consult each specification or manufacturer for appropriate
fitting standards.
1.8 Culverts or pipe that are used as passages through water
1.1.4 For simplification, the term pipe will be used in this
retaining embankments (for example, earth dams) may be
document to mean pipe sections, fittings, and couplings. constructed using the principles of this guide, if appropriate
provisions are made to prevent water movement along the
1.2 This guide contains general construction information
outside of the pipe (using impervious soils, cutoff collars, head
applicable for plastic pipe and supplements the installation
walls, etc.).
standardsforthevarioustypesofpipeasdescribedinPractices
D2321, D2774, D3839, F690, and Guide F645. 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are given for
NOTE 3—This guide is not applicable for gas pipe applications as
information only.
additional requirements may apply.
NOTE 4—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard covering the
1.3 Flexible pipe, such as thermoplastic and fiberglass, are
primary subject matter of this guide.
typically designed to rely on the stiffness of the soil surround-
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ing the pipe for support. The contract documents should
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
describe the requirements of an appropriate soil support
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F1668 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/F1668-16R22. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1668 − 16 (2022)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Place by the Sleeve Method (Withdrawn 2013)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical D4653 Test Method for Total Chlorides in Leather
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. D4944 TestMethodforFieldDeterminationofWater(Mois-
ture)ContentofSoilbytheCalciumCarbideGasPressure
2. Referenced Documents
Tester
D4959 Test Method for Determination of Water Content of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Soil By Direct Heating
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
D5080 Test Method for Rapid Determination of Percent
ments
Compaction
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Joining Practices:
Fluids
D2657 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipe
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
and Fittings
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
D2855 Practice for the Two-Step (Primer and Solvent Ce-
tics
ment) Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or
D4914/D4914M Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock
Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and
in Place by the Sand Replacement Method in a Test Pit
Piping Components with Tapered Sockets
D5030/D5030M Test Methods for Density of In-Place Soil
D6938 TestMethodsforIn-PlaceDensityandWaterContent
and Rock Materials by the Water Replacement Method in
of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow
a Test Pit
Depth)
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
Pipe Installation:
Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic
D2321 PracticeforUndergroundInstallationofThermoplas-
Pipe and Fittings
tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
F477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-
D2774 PracticeforUndergroundInstallationofThermoplas-
ing Plastic Pipe
tic Pressure Piping
F913 Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals
D3839 Guide for Underground Installation of “Fiberglass”
(Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
(Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
F2164 Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE)
F645 Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Ther-
and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Piping
moplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems
Systems Using Hydrostatic Pressure
F690 PracticeforUndergroundInstallationofThermoplastic
F2620 PracticeforHeatFusionJoiningofPolyethylenePipe
Pressure Piping Irrigation Systems (Withdrawn 2012)
and Fittings
Soil Testing:
Other ASTM Standards:
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
F1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-
kN-m/m ))
pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air
D1556/D1556M Test Method for Density and Unit Weight
2.2 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Stan-
of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone Method
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character- dards:
C651 Disinfecting Water Mains
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
(2,700 kN-m/m )) C904 Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE)
Pressure Piping system Using Hydrostatic Pressure
D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
2.3 American Association of State Highway and Transpor-
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water tation Offıcials (AASHTO) Standard:
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
Standard Specification for Highway Bridges
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
2.4 Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association Standard:
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
UNI-B-13 Recommended Performance Specification for
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
Joint Restraint Devices for Use with Polyvinyl Chloride
(Visual-Manual Procedures)
(PVC) Pipe
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
3. Terminology
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
nologies D8, D653, D883, D1600, and F412 unless otherwise
D4564 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Available fromAmerican Water WorksAssociation (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.transportation.org.
3 6
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from the Uni-Bell PVC PipeAssoc., 2655Villa Creek Dr., Suite 155,
www.astm.org. Dallas, TX 75234.
F1668 − 16 (2022)
indicated. Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
3.1.1 The definitions and descriptions of soil are in accor-
dance with the Unified Soil Classification System as presented
in Classification D2487. Soils may be identified and described
in the field using the procedures stated in Practice D2488.
NOTE 5—The terms describing an installation cross-section are illus-
trated in Fig. 1. Other terms related to parts of the pipe are illustrated in
Fig. 2.
NOTE 6—These terms may be different from the ones used in Practices
D2321, D2774, D3839,or F690. The terms in this guide are used to
describetheconstructionsequenceandarenotmeanttoreplaceorconflict
with other standards.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
FIG. 2 Pipe Terminology
3.2.1 backfill—material placed over the embedment up to
the ground surface.
3.2.8 springline—a line along the length of the pipe at its
3.2.2 bedding—material placed in the bottom of the trench
maximum width along a horizontal plane. (F412)
on top of the foundation soil to provide uniform support for the
pipe.
4. Significance and Use
3.2.3 embedment—material placed around the pipe that
4.1 This guide may be used as a reference of acceptable
provides side support.
open-cut construction practices for the proper installation of
3.2.4 foundation soil—material in the bottom of the trench buried fiberglass and thermoplastic pipe. This guide may be
that is (1) undisturbed and remains in place; (2) removed and used as follows:
replacedbyanothermaterial,(3)displacedbyanothermaterial; 4.1.1 Installation contractors have an awareness of the level
or (4) removed and then recompacted into place. of workmanship required and use this information for bidding
purposes and during construction.
3.2.5 haunch area—the area of the embedment under the
4.1.2 Constructioninspectorshaveareferenceofacceptable
pipe from the bottom of the pipe up to the springline, as
installation practices.
illustrated in Fig. 1.
4.1.3 Specification writers may use this guide as a reference
3.2.6 in situ material—the in-place soil or rock that a trench
in contract documents.
is excavated through that is either (1) naturally formed or
4.1.4 Designers may review this information during plan-
deposited; or (2) manmade.
ning and design for factors to consider in the preparation of
3.2.7 manufactured aggregates—aggregates that are prod-
plans and specifications.
ucts or byproducts of a manufacturing process (such as slag),
4.1.5 The owner of the pipeline may use this guide as a
or natural aggregates that are reduced to their final form by a
referenceforrestorationofproperpipesupportandembedment
manufacturing process such as crushing.
when original construction is disturbed due to repairs,
modifications, or construction of adjacent or crossing pipelines
or cables.
4.2 This guide should not be used to replace project speci-
fication requirements, manufacturer’s recommendations,
plumbing codes, building codes, or ASTM installation
standards, but may be used to supplement that information.
5. Inspection, Handling, and Storage
5.1 Load Inspection—The pipe should be packaged or
loaded as recommended by the supplier. The receiver of the
pipe should be aware of (1) the loading and packaging
requirements for each mode of transportation used; (2) the
continuance of proper handling in any multiple loading and
unloading before arrival; and (3) any transportation incident
(wreck). Before unloading, the receiver should examine the
load for transportation damage, particularly if the load has
shifted, packaging is broken, or if there are signs of rough
treatment. Damage may also have been caused from overtight-
ening tie-down straps or from the tie-down straps not being
located at the same point along the pipe barrel where the pipe
NOTE1—Thisdrawingisillustrativeonly.Trenchdimensionsandslope
supportsarelocated.Thepipeshouldbeexaminedforabrasion
vary with depth and soil conditions.
FIG. 1 Trench Cross Section Terminology due to (1) bells, couplings, or other joint surfaces being in
F1668 − 16 (2022)
contact with e
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.