ASTM D4458-15(2023)

Standard Test Method for Chloride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Chloride is present in virtually all oil field brines, seawaters, and many waste waters. Identification of the origin of the water and selection of its disposal method may be based upon the chloride content. The chloride content is also used to estimate the resistivity of formation waters and to differentiate between subsurface formations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 is applicable to the measurement of chloride in highly mineralized waters such as oil field brines, seawater, and brackish water. The test method is based upon the titration of chloride with silver nitrate, using a visual indicator.  
1.2 Samples containing from 10 mg to 150 mg of chloride can be analyzed by this test method. These levels are achieved by dilution as described in the test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of the method for untested types of water.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2023
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4458 − 15 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
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Chloride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4458; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process
2
Streams
1.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
chloride in highly mineralized waters such as oil field brines,
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
seawater, and brackish water. The test method is based upon
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
the titration of chloride with silver nitrate, using a visual
indicator.
3. Terminology
1.2 Samples containing from 10 mg to 150 mg of chloride
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
can be analyzed by this test method. These levels are achieved
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
by dilution as described in the test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1 This test method is based upon the Mohr procedure for
standard.
determining chloride ion with silver nitrate. The chloride reacts
with the silver ion before any silver chromate forms, due to the
1.4 It is the user’s responsibility to assure the validity of the
lower solubility of silver chloride. The potassium chromate
method for untested types of water.
indicator reacts with excess silver ion to form a red silver
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chromate precipitate. The end point is the appearance of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
first permanent orange color.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 This test method is suitable for analyzing solutions with
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
a pH between 6.0 and 8.5.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 Chloride is present in virtually all oil field brines,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
seawaters, and many waste waters. Identification of the origin
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of the water and selection of its disposal method may be based
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
upon the chloride content. The chloride content is also used to
estimate the resistivity of formation waters and to differentiate
2. Referenced Documents
between subsurface formations.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Interferences
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water 6.1 Sulfide, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, cyanide,
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of phosphate, sulfite, carbonate, hydroxide, and iron interfere in
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water this test method. Sulfide, sulfite, and thiosulfate can be re-
moved with a peroxide treatment, but usually no attempt is
made to remove bromide and iodide because they are usually
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
present in insignificant quantities compared to chloride. If
and is the direct responsibility of D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
necessary, the pH can be raised and the hydroxides of several
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4458 – 15. DOI: metals, including iron, can be filtered off. Iron, barium, lead,
10.1520/D4458-15R23.
and bismuth precipitate with the chromate indicator.
2
Hillebrand, W. F., Lundell, G. E. F., Bright, H. A., and Hoffman, J. I., Applied
Inorganic Analysis, 2nd Ed., 732, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1953.
7. Apparatus
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1 Laboratory Glassware.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 7.2 Buret, 25-mL capacity.
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