ASTM D6543-14b
(Guide)Standard Guide to the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal Analyzers
Standard Guide to the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal Analyzers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Online analyzers are used to provide quality data on lots of coal. The resulting quality data are used as a production tool or for some contractual application. This guide provides the means of evaluating the analyzer system and the data produced.
5.2 Become familiar with the document's terminology and layout. The section on test design and data collection will provide the means by which all the analysis data will be gathered. The test should be carefully designed to ensure the user’s requirements are met.
5.3 The procedures defined in this guide can be used to estimate the accuracy and precision of an online analyzer, (1) to conduct acceptance testing following installation and (2) to monitor the accuracy and precision (a) during routine use (quality control), (b) when significant changes are made to the analyzer, and (c) when a significant change in the coal being analyzed occurs (e.g., a different seam at a mine, or a new coal source at a power plant). These procedures can also be used for calibration purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides techniques to be used for the evaluation of the measurement performance of online coal analyzers.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6543 − 14b
StandardGuide to
the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal
1
Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 online analyzer, n—an analytical tool consisting of an
instrumentandsystems,whichtogetherprovidemeasurements,
1.1 This guide provides techniques to be used for the
or estimates, or both, of coal quality parameters.
evaluation of the measurement performance of online coal
3.1.5 outlier, n—an extreme value that statistical tests indi-
analyzers.
cate to be far enough from other results in a population under
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
consideration to cause suspicion that the value is not a member
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the population.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 reference material, n—material of stable composition
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that may be used to generate static analyzer measurements.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 reference system, n—a measurement system used to
2. Referenced Documents
measure the characteristics of a lot of coal that are also
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: measured by an online analyzer, and against which the online
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
analyzer measurements are compared.
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
3.1.8 standardization, n—calibration of an instrument to a
of Coal
reference material using static stability measurements.
D6518 Practice for Bias Testing a Mechanical Coal Sam-
3.1.9 static stability, n—an estimate of the measurement
3
pling System (Withdrawn 2008)
precision of an instrument obtained on material that is not
D7430 Practice for Mechanical Sampling of Coal
moving. The estimate normally is expressed as the standard
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
deviation and average of the measurements for a given period
of time.
3. Terminology
3.1.10 synchronization error, n—an error that occurs from
3.1 Definitions:
comparing measurements made by an online analyzer and a
3.1.1 analyzer system, n—a coal quality measurement sys-
reference system that are not measuring exactly the same lot
tem which includes an online coal analyzer and which may
because of temporal and/or spatial offsets.
include one or more stages of a coal-sampling system.
3.1.2 calibration, n—mathematical modeling of analyzer
4. Summary of Guide
and comparative coal sampling and analysis data. Factors from
4.1 This guide describes how to measure performance of an
the model are used in the online analyzer control software.
online analyzer using comparative measurements. The perfor-
3.1.3 Latent Variable Model, n—a mathematical model that
mance evaluation consists of a paired comparison of analyses
can estimate each system’s precision, when the analyzer is
from a reference method using ASTM sampling, sample
compared to two independent reference systems.
preparation, and analysis methods for several lots of coal with
the analyses from the online analyzer for the same lots of coal.
The data resulting from the comparative test may be evaluated
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and
using graphical and statistical techniques outlined below.
Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.23 on Sampling.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
4.2 Varioustechniquesarerecommendedbyonlineanalyzer
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6543-14a. DOI:
manufacturers for standardization or static testing. These
10.1520/D6543-14b.
2
techniques are useful for establishing a benchmark before
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
conducting a comparative test. These techniques may also be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
used as diagnostic tests in accordance with methods recom-
the ASTM website.
3
mended by online analyzer manufacturers and graphical and
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. statistical techniques included in this guide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6543 − 14b
5. Significance and Use comparative data may
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6543 − 14a D6543 − 14b
Standard Guide to
the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal
1
Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides techniques to be used for the evaluation of the measurement performance of online coal analyzers.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
3
D6518 Practice for Bias Testing a Mechanical Coal Sampling System (Withdrawn 2008)
D7430 Practice for Mechanical Sampling of Coal
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 analyzer system, n—a coal quality measurement system which includes an online coal analyzer and which may include
one or more stages of a coal-sampling system.
3.1.2 calibration, n—mathematical modeling of analyzer and comparative coal sampling and analysis data. Factors from the
model are used in the online analyzer control software.
3.1.3 Grubbs estimator, Latent Variable Model, n—an estimate of the measurement precision of an online a mathematical model
that can estimate each system’s precision, when the analyzer (is1-3). compared to two independent reference systems.
3.1.4 online analyzer, n—an analytical tool consisting of an instrument and systems, which together provide measurements, or
estimates, or both, of coal quality parameters.
3.1.5 outlier, n—an extreme value that statistical tests indicate to be far enough from other results in a population under
consideration to cause suspicion that the value is not a member of the population.
3.1.6 reference material, n—material of stable composition that may be used to generate static analyzer measurements.
3.1.7 reference system, n—a measurement system used to measure the characteristics of a lot of coal that are also measured by
an online analyzer, and against which the online analyzer measurements are compared.
3.1.8 standardization, n—calibration of an instrument to a reference material using static stability measurements.
3.1.9 static stability, n—an estimate of the measurement precision of an instrument obtained on material that is not moving. The
estimate normally is expressed as the standard deviation and average of the measurements for a given period of time.
3.1.10 synchronization error, n—an error that occurs from comparing measurements made by an online analyzer and a reference
system that are not measuring exactly the same lot because of temporal and/or spatial offsets.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.23 on Sampling.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2014. Published May 2014October 2014. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
D6543-14.-14a. DOI: 10.1520/D6543-14a.10.1520/D6543-14b.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6543 − 14b
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide describes how to measure performance of an online analyzer using comparative measurements. The performance
evaluation consists of a paired comparison of analyses from a reference method using ASTM sampling, sample preparation, and
analysis methods for several lots of coal with the analyses from the online analyzer for the same lots of coal. The data resulting
from the comparative test may be evaluated using graphical and statistical techniques outlined below.
4.2 Various techniques are reco
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.