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ASTM F2824-10e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mechanical Seal Strength Testing for Round Cups and Bowl Containers with Flexible Peelable Lids

Standard Test Method for Mechanical Seal Strength Testing for Round Cups and Bowl Containers with Flexible Peelable Lids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test Method F88 has been the standard for the mechanical peel strength testing of peelable seals since the 1960s. Normally the testing is run on a portion of the seal. The result is an actual seal strength picture of that portion of the seal. This test method is different in that the entire package seal is peeled open and data collected for the entire sealed area.
This test method is a tool for quality assurance use as well as performance evaluation of a seal during separation.
With appropriate software, data is collected depicting the seal strength of the entire length of the seal. As a result, it is possible to see seal strength variations, as the seal is peeled apart, thereby evaluating the consistency and uniformity of the seal (see Fig. 1).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a method for the measurement of mechanical seal strength while separating the entire lid (cover/membrane) from a rigid or semi-rigid round container.
1.2 This test method differs from Test Method F88. Test Method F88 tests a portion of the seal where as this test method tests the force required to separate the entire lid (cover/membrane) from the container.  
1.3 This test method is used to determine the continuous and maximum forces required to separate the lid (cover/membrane) from the container.
1.4 This test method uses an angle of pull of 45°, however other angles of pull may be used provided results are documented noting the used angle of pull and said procedure is validated.
1.5 Typical examples of container shapes that could be tested using this or a similar method include oval, rectangular, and circular with single or multiple cavities having a sealed lid (cover/membrane). Examples of products packaged in these types of containers are: ready meals, creamers, coffee, yogurts, household fresheners, chemical and pharmaceutical products, and numerous others not mentioned. However, this test method, described within, is specifically for round containers.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2010
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
Drafting Committee
F02.20 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2824-10 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Seal Strength Testing for Round Cups and Bowl Containers with Flexible Peelable Lids
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Replaced By
ASTM F2824-10(2015) - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Seal Strength Testing for Round Cups and Bowl Containers with Flexible Peelable Lids
Effective Date
01-Apr-2015
Referred By
ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM F88/F88M-23 - Standard Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2010

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ASTM F2824-10e1 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Seal Strength Testing for Round Cups and Bowl Containers with Flexible Peelable LidsASTM F2824-10e1 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Seal Strength Testing for Round Cups and Bowl Containers with Flexible Peelable Lids
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ASTM F2824-10e1 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Seal Strength Testing for Round Cups and Bowl Containers with Flexible Peelable Lids
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: F2824 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Mechanical Seal Strength Testing for Round Cups and Bowl
1
Containers with Flexible Peelable Lids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Fig. X1.1 was added editorially in April 2011.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method describes a method for the measure-
mentofmechanicalsealstrengthwhileseparatingtheentirelid D4332Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing
(cover/membrane) from a rigid or semi-rigid round container.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.2 This test method differs from Test Method F88. Test
ASTM Test Methods
MethodF88testsaportionofthesealwhereasthistestmethod
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tests the force required to separate the entire lid (cover/
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
membrane) from the container.
F17Terminology Relating to Flexible Barrier Packaging
1.3 Thistestmethodisusedtodeterminethecontinuousand
F88Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier
maximumforcesrequiredtoseparatethelid(cover/membrane)
Materials
from the container.
2.2 Other Standard:
ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11607–1Packaging for Terminally Steril-
1.4 This test method uses an angle of pull of 45°, however
ized Medical Devices—Part 1: Requirements for
other angles of pull may be used provided results are docu-
Materials, Sterile Barrier Systems, and Packaging Sys-
mented noting the used angle of pull and said procedure is
3
tems
validated.
3. Terminology
1.5 Typical examples of container shapes that could be
tested using this or a similar method include oval, rectangular,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
andcircularwithsingleormultiplecavitieshavingasealedlid
3.1.1 average seal strength—the sum of the individual
(cover/membrane). Examples of products packaged in these
forces recorded divided by the total number of those measure-
typesofcontainersare:readymeals,creamers,coffee,yogurts,
ments. The calculation can be expressed as the average
household fresheners, chemical and pharmaceutical products,
between the peaks or within the peaks (see Fig. 1).
and numerous others not mentioned. However, this test
3.1.2 flexible—See Terminology F17.
method, described within, is specifically for round containers.
3.1.3 grip separation rate—a function of the test equipment
1.6 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
design and angle of peel to achieve the correct peel rate. It is
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
the actual peel rate of separating the lid (cover/membrane)
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
from the container. For this test method, the actual separation
and are not considered standard.
rate is 12 in./min (300 mm/min).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 maximum seal strength—the maximum force mea-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sured when separating progressively, under the conditions of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the test.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 peel angle—the angle of the lid (cover/membrane)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
relative to the container seal surface at all points of removal of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF02onFlexible contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Physical Properties. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
F2824–10E01. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
F2824 − 10
FIG. 1 Average Seal Strength
the lid (cover/membrane) from the container seal surface. The membrane) is peeled from the container at a constant rate of
preferred angle for this test method is 45° (Fig. 2) but other speed along the peel line of the container and at a 45° angle
angles can be used. (otheranglesarepermittedbutmustbenotedandr
...

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4.1 Contaminants may enter the package through leaks. Alternatively, product may be lost from the package through leaks. These leaks are frequently found at seals between package components of the same or dissimilar materials.  
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1.1 Method A of this test method defines a procedure that will detect and locate a leak equal to or greater than a channel formed by a 50 µm [0.002 in.] wire in the edge seals of a nonporous package. A dye penetrant solution is applied locally to the seal edge to be tested for leaks. After contact with the dye penetrant for a minimum specified time, the package is visually inspected for dye penetration or, preferably, the seal edge is placed against an absorbent surface and the surface inspected for staining from the dye.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the strength of seals in flexible barrier materials.  
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1.3 Seals tested in accordance with this test method may be from any source, laboratory or commercial.  
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5.1 Knowledge of extractives from flexible barrier materials may serve many useful purposes. A test cell constructed as described in this practice may be used for obtaining such data. Another test cell has been found equivalent to the one described in this practice. See the appendix for the source of the alternate cell.  
5.2 United States Federal Regulations 21CFR 176.170 (d)(3), 21CFR 177.1330 (e)(4), 21CFR 177.1360 (b), 21CFR 177.1670 (b), and 21CFR Appendix VI (b) cite this standard practice as the basis for determining the amount of extractables from the surface of a package or multilayer film or modified paper in contact with food. In some cases, it is the only practice defined for this purpose. No alternative detail is given in the regulations for conducting extractions.  
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Standard Test Methods for Determining Residual Solvents in Packaging Materials

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5.1 This test method is intended to measure volatile organic compounds that are emitted from packaging materials under high-temperature conditions.  
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5.3 Modification of this procedure by utilizing appropriate qualitative GC detection devices such as a mass spectrometer in place of the flame ionization detector may provide identification of volatile organics of unknown identity.
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount of residual solvents released from within a packaging material contained in a sealed vial under a given set of time and temperature conditions and is a recommended alternative for Test Method F151.  
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for quantitating volatile compounds whose identity has been established and which are retained in packaging materials.  
1.3 The analyst should determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of the method by carrying out appropriate studies on the solvents of interest. The analyst is referred to Practice E260 for guidance.  
1.4 For purposes of verifying the identity of or identifying unknown volatile compounds the analyst is encouraged to incorporate techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy or other suitable techniques in conjunction with this test method.  
1.5 Sensitivity of this test method in the determination of the concentration of a given retained solvent must be determined on a case by case basis due to the variation in the substrate/solvent interaction between different types of samples.  
1.6 This test method does not address the determination of total retained solvents in a packaging material. Techniques such as multiple headspace extraction can be employed to this end. The analyst is referred to the manual supplied with the GC-Autosampling system for guidance.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Measuring Package and Seal Integrity Using Helium as the Tracer Gas

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5.1 The vacuum, bubble test method, as described in Test Method D3078, and various other leak detection methods described elsewhere (Test Method D4991, Guide E432, Test Method E493, Test Method E498, Test Method E499, and Test Method E1603) have been successfully used widely in various industries and applications to determine that a given package is or is not a “leaker.” The sensitivity of any selected leak test method has to be considered to determine its applicability to a specific situation.  
5.2 The procedures presented in this test method allow the user to carry out package and seal integrity testing with sufficient sensitivity to quantify seals in the previously defined moderate to fine seal ranges.  
5.3 By employing seal-isolating leak testing fixtures, packages constructed of various materials can be tested in the full range of seal performance requirements. Design of these fixtures is beyond the scope of this method.  
5.4 These seal/package integrity test procedures can be utilized as:  
5.4.1 A design tool,  
5.4.2 For tooling qualification,  
5.4.3 Process setup,  
5.4.4 Process validation tool,  
5.4.5 Quality assurance monitoring, or  
5.4.6 Research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method includes several procedures that can be used for the measurement of overall package and seal barrier performance of a variety of package types and package forms, as well as seal/closure types. The basic elements of this method include:  
1.1.1 Helium (employed as tracer gas),  
1.1.2 Helium leak detector (mass spectrometer), and  
1.1.3 Package/product-specific test fixtures.  
1.1.4 Most applications of helium leak detection are destructive, in that helium needs to be injected into the package after the package has been sealed. The injection site then needs to be sealed/patched externally, which often destroys its saleability. Alternatively, if helium can be incorporated into the headspace before sealing, the method can be non-destructive because all that needs to be accomplished is to simply detect for helium escaping the sealed package.  
1.2 Two procedures are described; however the supporting data in Section 14 only reflects Procedure B (Vacuum Mode). The alternative, Sniffer Mode, has proven to be a valuable procedure for many applications, but may have more variability due to exactly the manner that the operator conducts the test such as whether the package is squeezed, effect of multiple small leaks compared to fewer large leaks, background helium concentration, package permeability and speed at which the scan is conducted. Further testing to quantify this procedure’s variability is anticipated, but not included in this version.  
1.2.1 Procedure A: Sniffer Mode—the package is scanned externally for helium escaping into the atmosphere or fixture.  
1.2.2 Procedure B: Vacuum Mode—the helium containing package is placed in a closed fixture. After drawing a vacuum, helium escaping into the closed fixture (capture volume) is detected. Typically, the fixtures are custom made for the specific package under test.  
1.3 The sensitivity of the method can range from the detection of:  
1.3.1 Large leaks—10-2 Pa·m 3/s to 10-5 Pa·m3/s (10–1 cc/sec/atm to 10-4 cc/sec/atm).  
1.3.2 Moderate leaks—10-5 Pa·m 3/s to 10-7 Pa·m3/s (10-4 cc/sec/atm to 10-6 cc/sec/atm).  
1.3.3 Fine leaks—10-7 Pa·m 3/s to 10-9 Pa·m3/s (10-6 cc/sec/atm to 10-8 cc/sec/atm).  
1.3.4 Ultra-Fine leak—10-9 Pa·m 3/s to 10-11 Pa·m3/s (10-8 cc/sec/atm to 10-10 cc/sec/atm).
Note 1: Conversion from cc/sec/atm to Pa·m3/s is achieved by multiplying by 0.1.  
1.4 The terms large, moderate, fine and ultra-fine are relative terms only and do not imply the acceptability of any leak rate. The individual application dictates the level of integrity needed. For many packaging applications, only “large leaks” are considered unacceptable and the ability to detect smaller leaks is immaterial. All leak rates referred...

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