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ASTM B913-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Crimped Electrical Connections to 16-Gauge and Smaller Diameter Stranded and Solid Conductors

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Crimped Electrical Connections to 16-Gauge and Smaller Diameter Stranded and Solid Conductors

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1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for a standardized method of evaluating the quality of crimped-type electrical connections to solid or stranded conductors. This test method applies to 16-gauge and smaller diameter copper wire, coated or uncoated.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2000
ICS
29.120.20 - Connecting devices
Technical Committee
B02 - Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
Drafting Committee
B02.11 - Electrical Contact Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM B913-00e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Crimped Electrical Connections to 16-Gauge and Smaller Diameter Stranded and Solid Conductors
Effective Date
10-Oct-2000
Referred By
ASTM B942-21 - Standard Guide for Specification and Quality Assurance for the Electrical Contact Performance of Crimped Wire Terminations
Effective Date
10-Oct-2000

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ASTM B913-00 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Crimped Electrical Connections to 16-Gauge and Smaller Diameter Stranded and Solid ConductorsASTM B913-00 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Crimped Electrical Connections to 16-Gauge and Smaller Diameter Stranded and Solid Conductors
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ASTM B913-00 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Crimped Electrical Connections to 16-Gauge and Smaller Diameter Stranded and Solid Conductors
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 913 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Crimped Electrical Connections to 16-Gauge
and Smaller Diameter Stranded and Solid Conductors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope has a ring, fork, spade, tab, or related configuration designed to
attach to another connection such as a screw or terminal block.
1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for a
standardized method of evaluating the quality of crimped-type
4. Summary of Test Method
electrical connections to solid or stranded conductors. This test
4.1 A test lot of test specimens of the crimp terminal
method applies to 16-gauge and smaller diameter copper wire,
crimped to a short length of wire is prepared. The wire is pulled
coated or uncoated.
from a group of the specimens in a tensile pull and the force
2. Referenced Documents compared to set requirements based on wire diameter. A
separate group of specimens is subjected to an electrical test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
where resistance stability of the specimen is evaluated during
B 8 Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper
2 deflection of the wire at the exit of the crimped connection. The
Conductors, Hard, Medium-Hard, or Soft
group is then aged for 33 days at 118°C and periodically
B 258 Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and
retested in the electrical test. The electrical test results are
Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires
compared to a standard value based on wire diameter. A test lot
Used as Electrical Conductors
passes the evaluation if it passes both the mechanical pull test
B 542 Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts and
and the electrical test. In Method B, additional pull tests are
Their Use
performed on subgroups of parts during and after the aging test
3. Terminology
to provide information on progressive degradation in perfor-
mance.
3.1 Definitions—Many terms related to electrical contacts
used in this test method are defined in Terminology B 542.
5. Significance and Use
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1 This test method establishes the requirements for a
3.2.1 crimp, v—to establish an electrical and mechanical
standardized method of evaluating the performance of
attachment between the two members by mechanically deform-
crimped-type electrical connections having solid or stranded
ing one contact member around another. In most cases, one
conductors.
member is a wire or group of wires, the other is a hollow
5.2 In order to achieve a successful crimped connection, the
cylinder or partial cylinder that is deformed around the wires.
crimping tool must deform the material of the crimp barrel or
3.2.2 crimp barrel, crimp tab—the portion of the crimp
barrel tab(s) around the conductor. As a consequence, the
terminal that is deformed in the crimping operation.
conductor surfaces are placed under compression by the crimp
3.2.3 crimped connection—a mechanical and electrical con-
terminal and areas of contact are established between the
nection between a conductor and a component. The connection
conductor and the crimp barrel. These areas provide the desired
is made by compressing (crimping) the component (crimp
electrical connection. A reliable crimped connection is one that
barrel) or tab(s) of the component about the conductor using a
is capable of maintaining the contact between the conductor
tool specifically designed for the purpose
and crimp barrel so that a stable electrical connection is
3.2.4 crimp terminal—an electrical component designed to
maintained when it is exposed to the conditions it was designed
be electrically and mechanically attached to a wire by deform-
to endure during its useful life.
ing a portion of the component in a crimping operation to form
5.3 Evaluation testing is designed to ensure that a particular
an attachment to the wire. The other end of the terminal usually
design crimped connection system consisting of conductor and
component and associated tooling is capable of achieving a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on
reliable electrical and mechanical connection. After the evalu-
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ation is completed, if any change in the system parts is made,
B02.11 on Electrical Contact Test Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000.
the system should be reevaluated using the same procedures.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03.
5.4 After completion of the evaluation test, the tensile pull
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 913
strength results may be used to develop acceptance require- 8.2.10 Crimping tool supplier part number, and
ments to be used in inspection of subsequent production lots of 8.2.11 Crimping tool die setting (if applicable).
crimped connections. An example of such an acceptance 8.3 The test specimens shall meet the following require-
requirement is shown in Appendix X1. ments:
8.3.1 All strands of the conductor(s) shall be in the crimp
6. Interferences
barrel and there shall be no evidence of missing, broken,
6.1 The wire strain relief included in some crimp terminals
damaged, or loose strands of the conductor(s).
may mask the performance of the crimped connection to the 8.3.2 Conductors shall not be pre-soldered or solder-dipped
wire. The strain relief shall be disabled prior to testing the
prior to crimping.
specimens in this test method. 8.3.3 Wire is to be stripped immediately before crimping for
a distance that is proper to full insertion into the crimp barrel.
7. Apparatus
Strip the other end of the wire for 25 mm to allow for
7.1 Tensile Test Stand, Load cell and grips, or Holding
connection to electrical measuring devices.
Fixtures, adequate to measure the force required to pull the
8.3.4 The crimp indent shall be in the intended position and
crimp terminal off the wire at the speed specified in this test
orientation on the barrel in accordance with the design intent of
method.
the manufacturer’s die set and crimp barrel.
7.2 Oscilloscope, with adequate preamplifiers to measure
8.3.5 There shall be no cracking or rupture in any portion of
dynamic change of 100 6 10 μV. An oscilloscope with a
the barrel, tabs, and so forth.
recording device is preferred as it can provide a permanent
8.3.6 The crimp barrel shall show no evidence of re-
record of the results.
crimping (double crimping) in the same location. Barrels may
7.3 Fixture with Two Clamps, to securely hold the crimp
be crimped in more than one location in accordance with the
terminal and end of the wire while making an electrical
manufacture’s design.
connection to each, and allow for manual deflection of the wire
8.3.7 When a terminal is equipped with an insulation grip or
at the exit of the crimp terminal through 15° in all directions.
support, the wire insulation shall be in its intended position
A fixture with two vise-like clamps mounted about 80 mm
within the grip or support after crimping. The grip or support
apart on an insulating base has proved suitable. Spring clips
shall, as designed, mechanically secure or support the wire
often used with 16 to 24-gauge wire are not adequate; a higher
insulation.
force clamp is needed.
8.3.8 On pre-insulated terminals or splices, the insulated
7.4 dc Power Supply, capable of providing 100-mA milli-
sleeve shall remain in its proper position on the crimp barrel
amps current through the sample with noise or ripple less than
after crimping and shall not show evidence of cracking or
10 μV on the measured sample
spalling.
8.3.9 When sleeving is used to insulate uninsulated crimped
8. Test Specimen
barrels, the sleeving shall be a snug fit and shall cause no
8.1 Prepare the following quantities of test specimens of the
evidence of damage to the wire insulation.
crimped connection made with the wire and crimp component
8.3.10 The conductor must be fully seated in the barrel and
to be evaluated. For Test Method A, prepare 64 specimens, for
may extend beyond the barrel but not into the tongue area or
Test Method B, prepare 94 test specimens. For crimped
plug end of terminal lugs to the extent that it will interfere with
connections that will be manufactured with adjustable crimp
proper connection of the terminal to another part in the manner
dies, prepare 64 (Test Method A) or 94 (Test Method B) test
intended.
specimens each made with the smallest and largest die setting
8.3.11 If more than one conductor is crimped in a single
to which the dies will be set in the manufacture of the actual
crimp terminal, the wires must not be twisted together before
connections. The wire length beyond the crimp barrel shall be
crimping.
200 mm (8 in.), minimum. In each test method, the 64 or 94
9. Procedure
specimens provide four extra specimens beyond those actually
required for testing, the remaining four can be used in test set 9.1 Test Method A:
up or retained as examples of the manufactured test specimens 9.1.1 Visual Test of Samples—Visually inspect all test speci-
since the testing is destructive. Specifications B 8 and B 258 mens to determine if they meet the applicable requirements of
define wire gauge (diameter) and wire stranding. the Test Specimens section of this test method.
8.2 Document the following items at the time that the 9.1.2 Tensile Pull Strength Test—Perform the tensile (pull)
specimens are prepared: strength tests on 30 test specimens in the as-received condition.
8.2.1 Gauge of wire, For multiple wire crimped connections, test (pull) the smallest
8.2.2 Wi
...

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Standard Test Methods for Measuring Resistance of Electrical Connections (Static Contacts)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As stated in Terminology B542, contact resistance is comprised of a constriction resistance and a film resistance. When present, the latter of these is usually much greater in value and dominates the contact resistance. For a given contact spot, when the film resistance is zero or negligible the contact resistance for that spot is nearly the same as the constriction resistance and therefore, as a practical matter, has a minimum value which represents a clean metal-to-metal contact spot. As real contact surfaces exhibit varying degrees of roughness, real contacts are necessarily composed of many contact spots which are electrically parallel. In practical cases the clean metal-to-metal contact spots will carry most of the current and the total contact resistance is primarily dependent on the size and number of metallic contact spots present (see Note 1). In addition, acceptably low values of contact resistance are often obtained with true areas of contact being significantly less than the apparent contact area. This is the result of having a large number of small contact spots spread out over a relatively large apparent contact area.
Note 1: The term metallic contact as used here is intended to include the so called quasi-metallic contact spots as well. The latter case was discussed in Electric Contacts by Holm. 3  
5.2 The practical evaluation and comparison of electrical connections depend in large part on their contact resistance characteristics. On the one hand, the absolute value of contact resistance is greatly dependent on the size and distribution of the metallic conducting spots within the apparent area of load-bearing contact. On the other hand, a comparison of the initial resistance to the resistance after aging indicates how stable the system is in maintaining the initial contact area. Both of these characteristics should be considered when evaluating contact systems. The criteria employed in evaluating contact resistance and stability are not a par...
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1.1 These test methods cover equipment and techniques for measuring the resistance of static electrical connections such as wire terminations or splices, friction connectors, soldered joints, and wrapped-wire connections.  
1.2 Measurements under two distinct levels of electrical loading are described. These levels are: (1) dry circuit, (2) and rated current. One or both of these levels of loading may be required in specific cases.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM B812-18(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Environmental Degradation of Electrical Pressure Connections Involving Aluminum and Intended for Residential Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The principal underlying the test is the sensitivity of the electrical contact interface to temperature and humidity cycling that electrical pressure connection systems experience as a result of usage and installation environment. The temperature cycling may cause micromotion at the mating electrical contact surfaces which can expose fresh metal to the local ambient atmosphere. The humidity exposure is known to facilitate corrosion on freshly exposed metal surfaces. Thus, for those connection systems that do not maintain stable metal-to-metal contact surfaces under the condition of thermal cycling and humidity exposure, repeated sequences of these exposures lead to degradation of the contacting surface indicated by potential drop increase.  
5.2 The test is of short duration relative to the expected life of connections in residential usage. Stability of connection resistance implies resistance to deterioration due to environmental conditions encountered in residential service. Increasing connection resistance as a result of the test exposure indicates deterioration of electrical contact interfaces. Assurance of long term reliability and safety of connection types that deteriorate requires further evaluation for specific specified environments and applications.  
5.3 Use—It is recommended that this test method be used in one of two ways. First, it may be used to evaluate and report the performance of a particular connection system. For such use, it is appropriate to report the results in a summary (or tabular) format such as shown in Section 17, together with the statement “The results shown in the summary (or table) were obtained for (insert description of connection) when tested in accordance with Test Method B812. Second, it may be used as the basis for specification of acceptability of product. For this use, the minimum test time and the maximum allowable increase in potential drop must be established by the specifier. Specification of connection systems in...
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1.1 This test method covers all residential pressure connection systems. Detailed examples of application to specific types of connection systems, set-screw neutral bus connectors, and twist-on wire-splicing connectors are provided in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.  
1.2 The purpose of this test method is to evaluate the performance of residential electrical pressure connection systems under conditions of cyclic temperature change (within rating) and high humidity.  
1.3 The limitations of the test method are as follows:  
1.3.1 This test method shall not be considered to confirm a specific lifetime in application environments.  
1.3.2 The applicability of this test method is limited to pressure connection systems rated at or below 600 V d-c or a-c RMS.  
1.3.3 This test method is limited to temperature and water vapor exposure in addition to electrical current as required to measure connection resistance.  
1.3.4 This test method does not evaluate degradation which may occur in residential applications due to exposure of the electrical connection system to additional environmental constituents such as (but not limited to) the following examples:
1.3.4.1 Household chemicals (liquid or gaseous) such as ammonia, bleach, or other cleaning agents.
1.3.4.2 Chemicals as may occur due to normal hobby or professional activities such as photography, painting, sculpture, or similar activities.
1.3.4.3 Environments encountered during construction or remodeling such as direct exposure to rain, uncured wet concrete, welding or soldering fluxes and other agents.  
1.3.5 This test method is limited to evaluation of pressure connection systems.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product...

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