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ASTM B456-11

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus
Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for several types and grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chromium and nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, copper, copper alloys, Type 300 and 400 series stainless steels, aluminum, aluminum alloys, and zinc alloys for application where both appearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosion are important. This specification does not cover plating on plastics. Each coating shall be designated a classification code, which comprises of the following numbers and symbols: service condition number, which indicates the severity of exposure for which the coating is intended; coating classification number, which contains the chemical symbol of each metallic element that comprises the basis metal, or the designated AISI number in the case of stainless steels, and their corresponding thickness; and symbols for expressing the type of coating. Products shall be sampled and inspected accordingly for visual defects, thickness, adhesion, elongation, ductility, corrosion, sulfur content, density, and discontinuities.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for several types and grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chromium or nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, nickel plus chromium coatings on copper and copper alloys, nickel plus chromium coatings on Type 300 and 400 series stainless steel and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings on aluminum and its alloys and zinc alloys for applications where both appearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosion are important. Five grades of coatings are provided to correspond with the service conditions under which each is expected to provide satisfactory performance: namely, extended very severe, very severe, severe, moderate, and mild. Definitions and typical examples of these service conditions are provided in Appendix X1.
1.2 This specification does not cover the requirements for the plating on plastics, see Specification B604.
1.3 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portions, Appendix X2, Appendix X3, Appendix X4, and Appendix X5 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2011
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.05 - Decorative Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B456-03(2009) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Replaced By
ASTM B456-11e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B380-97(2023) - Standard Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Decorative Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM F1602-12(2023) - Standard Specification for Kettles, Steam-Jacketed, 20 to 200 gal (75.7 to 757 L), Floor or Wall Mounted, Direct Steam, Gas and Electric Heated
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM F1603-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Kettles, Steam-Jacketed, 32 oz to 20 gal (1 to 75.7 L), Tilting, Table Mounted, Direct Steam, Gas and Electric Heated
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM E2112-23 - Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B687-99(2023) - Standard Specification for Brass, Copper, and Chromium-Plated Pipe Nipples
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B764-04(2021) - Standard Test Method for Simultaneous Thickness and Electrode Potential Determination of Individual Layers in Multilayer Nickel Deposit (STEP Test)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B252-92(2020) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B490-09(2021) - Standard Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposits
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B634-14a(2021) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Rhodium for Engineering Use
Effective Date
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Referred By
ASTM B368-21 - Standard Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
Effective Date
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ASTM B456-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus ChromiumASTM B456-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
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REDLINE ASTM B456-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus ChromiumREDLINE ASTM B456-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
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REDLINE ASTM B456-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B456 – 11
Standard Specification for
Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus
1
Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B252 Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings for
Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
1.1 This specification covers requirements for several types
B253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-
and grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chro-
troplating
mium or nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, nickel plus
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
chromium coatings on copper and copper alloys, nickel plus
Stainless Steel
chromium coatings on Type 300 and 400 series stainless steel
B281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base
and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings on aluminum
Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
and its alloys and zinc alloys for applications where both
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
appearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosion
plating
are important. Five grades of coatings are provided to corre-
B368 Test Method for Copper-AcceleratedAceticAcid-Salt
spondwiththeserviceconditionsunderwhicheachisexpected
Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
to provide satisfactory performance: namely, extended very
B380 Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Decorative
severe, very severe, severe, moderate, and mild. Definitions
Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure
and typical examples of these service conditions are provided
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
in Appendix X1.
CoatingThicknessbyMicroscopicalExaminationofCross
1.2 This specification does not cover the requirements for
Section
the plating on plastics, see Specification B604.
B489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-
1.3 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test
ited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on
methods portions, Appendix X2, Appendix X3, Appendix X4,
Metals
and Appendix X5 of this specification: This standard does not
B490 Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility of
purport to address all of safety concerns, if any, associated
Electrodeposits
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
nessesbytheMagneticMethod:NonmagneticCoatingson
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
Magnetic Basis Metals
use.
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-
2. Referenced Documents tallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
2
B530 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nesses by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
Coatings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates
Electroplating
B537 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjected
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
to Atmospheric Exposure
troplating
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
by X-Ray Spectrometry
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Coatings
B08.08.03 on Decorative Coatings.
B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2011.PublishedJuly2011.Originallyapproved
in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B456 – 03(2009). DOI:
Inorganic Coatings
10.1520/B0456-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B456 – 11
B604 Specification for Decorative Electroplated Coatings 4.3.2 The chemical symbol for copper (Cu) (if copper is
of Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium on Plastics used),
B659 Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inor-
4.3.3 A number indicating the minimum thickness of the
ganic Coatings
copper coating in micrometres (if copper is used),
B697 Guide for Selection of S
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B456–03 (Reapproved 2009) Designation: B456 – 11
Standard Specification for
Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus
1
Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers requirements for several types and grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chromium
or nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, nickel plus chromium coatings on copper and copper alloys, nickel plus chromium
coatings onType 300 and 400 series stainless steel and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings on aluminum and its alloys and
zinc alloys for applications where both appearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosion are important. Five grades
of coatings are provided to correspond with the service conditions under which each is expected to provide satisfactory
performance: namely, extended very severe, very severe, severe, moderate, and mild. Definitions and typical examples of these
service conditions are provided in Appendix X1.
1.2 This specification does not cover the requirements for the plating on plastics, see Specification B604.
1.3 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portions, Appendix X2, Appendix X3, Appendix X4, and
Appendix X5 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B252 Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
B253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Electroplating
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless Steel
B281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electroplating
B368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
B380 Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Decorative Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross Section
B489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on Metals
B490 Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposits
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic
Basis Metals
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
B530 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings on
Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates
B537 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjected to Atmospheric Exposure
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry
B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings
B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.08.03 on
Decorative Coatings.
Current edition approved Sept.June 1, 2009.2011. Published December 2009.July 2011. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
B456 – 03(2009). DOI: 10.1520/B0456-03R09.10.1520/B0456-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B456 – 11
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thickness of a metal coating is often critical to its performance.  
4.2 This procedure is useful for an approximate determination when the best possible accuracy is not required. For more reliable determinations, the following methods are available: Test Methods B487, B499, B504, and B568.  
4.3 This test assumes that the rate of dissolution of the coating by the corrosive reagent under the specified conditions is always the same.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of the dropping test to measure the thickness of electrodeposited zinc, cadmium, copper, and tin coatings.  
Note 1: Under most circumstances this method of measuring coating thicknesses is not as reliable or as convenient to use as an appropriate coating thickness gauge (see Test Methods B499, B504, and B568).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    5 pages
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ASTM
ASTM B689-97(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications (for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts), for electronics applications (including as underplates in contacts or interconnections), and in certain joining applications. Coatings shall be available in any one of the following types: Type 1, coatings electroplated from solutions not containing hardeners, brighteners, or stress control additives; Type 2, electrodeposits used at moderate temperatures, and contain sulfur or other codeposited elements or compounds that are present to increase the hardness, refine grain structure, or control internal stress; and Type 3, electroplates containing dispersed submicron particles such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and aluminum oxide that are present to increase hardness and wear resistance at specified temperatures. Metal parts shall undergo pre- and post-coating treatments to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and peening. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to appearance, thickness (measured either destructively by microscopical or coulometric method, or nondestructively by magnetic or X-ray method), adhesion (examined either by bend, file, heat and quench, or push test), porosity (assessed either by hot water, ferroxyl, or flowers of sulfur test), workmanship, and hydrogen embrittlement relief.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications, for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts, for electronic applications, including as underplates in contacts or interconnections, and in certain joining applications.  
1.2 Electroplating of nickel for engineering applications (Note 1) requires technical considerations significantly different from decorative applications because the following functional properties are important:  
1.2.1 Hardness, strength, and ductility,  
1.2.2 Wear resistance,  
1.2.3 Load bearing characteristics,  
1.2.4 Corrosion resistance,  
1.2.5 Heat scaling resistance,  
1.2.6 Fretting resistance, and  
1.2.7 Fatigue resistance.  
Note 1: Functional electroplated nickel coatings usually contain about 99 % nickel, and are most frequently electrodeposited from a Watts nickel bath or a nickel sulfamate bath. Typical mechanical properties of nickel electroplated from these baths, and the combined effect of bath operation and solution composition variables on the mechanical properties of the electrodeposit are given in Guide B832. When electroplated nickel is required to have higher hardnesses, greater wear resistance, certain residual stress values and certain leveling characteristics, sulfur and other substances are incorporated in the nickel deposit through the use of certain addition agents in the electroplating solution. For the effect of such additives, see Section 4 and Annex A3. Cobalt salts are sometimes added to the plating solution to produce harder nickel alloy deposits.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    8 pages
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ASTM
ASTM B380-97(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Decorative Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Nickel/chromium and copper/nickel/chromium electrodeposited coatings are widely used for decorative and protective applications. The Corrodkote test provides a method of controlling the quality of electroplated articles and is suitable for manufacturing control, as well as research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the Corrodkote2 method of evaluating the corrosion performance of copper/nickel/chromium and nickel/chromium coatings electrodeposited on steel, zinc alloys, aluminum alloys, plastics and other substrates.  
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are not requirements. They are reference for information only: Practice B537, Specification B456, Test Method B602, and Specification B604.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
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