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ASTM D6416/D6416M-01(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:
Panel surface deflection at load,
Panel face-sheet strain at load,
Panel bending stiffness,
Panel shear stiffness,
Panel strength, and
Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2012
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.09 - Sandwich Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6416/D6416M-01(2007) - Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012

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ASTM D6416/D6416M-01(2012) - Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed LoadASTM D6416/D6416M-01(2012) - Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
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ASTM D6416/D6416M-01(2012) - Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6416/D6416M − 01(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported
Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed
1
Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6416/D6416M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C365/C365M Test Method for Flatwise Compressive Prop-
erties of Sandwich Cores
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flex-
C393 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Sandwich
ural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a
Constructions
distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
distributedloadprovidedbyawater-filledbladder.Thistypeof
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
loadingdiffersfromtheprocedureofTestMethodC393,where
Resins
concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
beam specimens.
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of
Materials
thesandwichtypewhichinvolvearelativelythicklayerofcore
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material,
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus
E251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Me-
fibers.
tallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units E1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in Sandwich Plate Test Fixture and Hydromat Pressure Blad-
3
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system der, ASTM D6416/D6416M
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
3. Terminology
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
3.1 Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-
standard.
modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology C274 de-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fines terms relating to structural sandwich constructions. Ter-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
minology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. In
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
theeventofaconflictbetweenterms,TerminologyD3878shall
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
have precedence over the other terminology standards.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1 bending stiffness, n—the sandwich property which
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: resists bending deflections.
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
3.2.2 core, n—a centrally located layer of a sandwich
construction, usually low density, which separates and stabi-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
lizes the facings and transmits shear between the facings and
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
provides most of the shear rigidity of the construction.
Sandwich Construction.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally 3.2.3 face sheet, n—the outermost layer or composite com-
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6416/D6416M – 01
ponent of a sandwich construction, generally thin and of high
(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D6416_D6416M-01R12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Detailed drawings for the fabrication of the 500–mm test fixture and pressure
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on bladder shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are available from ASTM Headquarters. Order
the ASTM website. Adjunct No. ADJD6416.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6416/D6416M − 01 (2012)
density, which resists most of the edgewise loads and flatwise 4.2 Panel deflection at load is monitored by a centra
...

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5.1 It is well known that the prepreg impregnation level affects handling characteristics, tack and drape, and final part quality. Resin impregnation level is the dominant factor in the ability of removing air and volatiles from the layup during processing. Partially impregnated prepreg materials can in some applications provide higher quality, lower void content composite parts, and are becoming increasingly more common due to the desire to cure out-of-autoclave, using vacuum bag-only processes. This test can identify small changes in the material impregnation level which can assist in definition of production processes or shipping and handling procedures. The value of permeability can be used for specifying ranges as acceptance requirements for prepreg materials, thus enabling the prepreg manufacturer and user greater confidence in the ability to produce repeatable and high quality parts. This test directly determines the actual air flow propensity of the material tested without any applied compaction pressure during testing.  
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1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
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1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen (Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
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5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 Sandwich damage resistance testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of facing geometry, facing stacking sequence, facing-to-core interface, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness, core thickness, etc.), core density, core strength, processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular sandwich panel to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force, drop-weight impact force, or impact energy.  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.  
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5.2.4 Quasi-static indentation tests can also be used to identify a specific sequence of damage events (only the final damage state is identifiable after a drop-weight impact test).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying laminate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test methods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).  
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidlybacked and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Procedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage tolerance testing in accordance with Test Method D8287/D8287M (compressive loading) and Practice D8388/D8388M (flexural loading).  
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not ...

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