ASTM D7168-16

Standard Test Method for ⁹⁹Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method has not been evaluated for all possible matrices. Test method suitability should be determined on specific waters of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate 99Tc from environmental water (non-process-related or effluent water samples). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.  
1.2 This test method is designed to measure 99Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre sample.  
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water samples using Practice D8026.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2016
• ICS: 13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.04 - Methods of Radiochemical Analysis

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7168 − 16
Standard Test Method for
99 1
Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction
99 D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for
(SPE) procedure to separate Tc from environmental water
Environmental Site Characterization
(non-process-relatedoreffluentwatersamples).Technetium-99
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control
beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.
of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
99
1.2 This test method is designed to measure Tc in the
D7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L(1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a
D8026 Practice for Determination of Tc-99 in Water by
one litre sample.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-
MS)
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap
water.Itistheuser’sresponsibilitytoensurethevalidityofthis
3. Terminology
test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of
untested matrices.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water
Terminologies D7902 and D1129.
samples using Practice D8026.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
4.1 Ameasuredaliquantofsampleistransferredtoabeaker.
information only and are not considered standard.
Hydrogen peroxide is added to facilitate the formation of the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
extractable pertechnetate ion. The sample may be heated to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
oxidize organics if such are suspected to be present. The entire
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sample is passed through a technetium-selective SPE disk onto
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
which the pertechnetate is adsorbed. The disk is transferred to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
a liquid scintillation vial, cocktail added, and the contents well
statements, see Section 9.
mixed. The beta emission rate of the sample is determined by
liquid scintillation spectrometry. Chemical yield corrections
2. Referenced Documents
are determined by the method of standard additions.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Minor differences in processing between Extraction
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
Chromatographic Resin Discs and PTFE Membrane Disks are
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
addressed in Variations A and B of the test method.
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
5. Significance and Use
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
5.1 This test method has not been evaluated for all possible
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
matrices. Test method suitability should be determined on
specific waters of interest.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
6. Interferences
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi-
cal Analysis.
6.1 Suspended materials must be removed by filtration or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally
ε1
centrifuging prior to processing the sample. Suspended par-
published in 2005. Last previous edition published 2011 as D7168 – 11 . DOI:
10.1520/D7168-16.
ticulate matter in the sample will be physically trapped, in part
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
orinwhole,onorintheSPEextractionmaterial.Thismaylead
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
topotentialinclusionofradionuclidebearingsolidsortosignal
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. quenching in the liquid scintillation measurement.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7168 − 16
6.2 Technetium-99 activity in the sample may overwhelm permit its use without increasing the background of the
99
the signal from the Tc spike addition and interfere with measurement. Some reagents, ev
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7168 − 11 D7168 − 16
Standard Test Method for
99 1
Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 16 editorially in June 2013.
1. Scope
99
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate Tc from environmental water samples (that
is, non-process and effluent waters). (non-process-related or effluent water samples). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by
liquid scintillation spectrometry.
99
1.2 This test method is designed to measure Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre
sample.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for information
purposes only.
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’suser’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this
test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water samples using Practice D8026.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for Environmental Site Characterization
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
D7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
D8026 Practice for Determination of Tc-99 in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminologies D7902 and D1129.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
Current edition approved May 15, 2011Nov. 1, 2016. Published July 2011November 2016. Originally published in 2005. Last previous edition published 20052011 as
ε1
D7168 – 0511 . DOI: 10.1520/D7168-11E01.10.1520/D7168-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7168 − 16
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A measured aliquant of sample is transferred to a beaker. Hydrogen peroxide is added to facilitate the formation of the
extractable pertechnetate ion. The sample may be heated to oxidize organics if such are suspected to be present. The entire sample
is passed through a technetium-selective SPE disk onto which the pertechnetate is adsorbed. The disk is transferred to a liquid
scintillation vial, cocktail added, and the contents well mixed. The beta emission rate of the sample is determined by liquid
scintillation spectrometry. Chemical yield corrections are determined by the method of standard additions.
4.2 Minor differences in processing between Extraction Chromatographic Resin Discs and PTFE Membrane Disks are
addressed in Variations A and B of the test metho
...