ASTM F2263-07(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Polyethylene (PE) Pipe to Chlorinated Water
Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Polyethylene (PE) Pipe to Chlorinated Water
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the general requirements for evaluating the long-term, chlorinated water, oxidative resistance of polyethylene (PE), used in cold water supply or service systems by exposure to chlorinated water. This test method outlines the requirements of a pressurized flow-through test system, typical test pressures, test-fluid characteristics, failure type, and data analysis.Note 1
Other known disinfecting systems (chlorine dioxide, ozone, and chloramine) are currently used for protection of potable water; however, free-chlorine is by far the most common system in use today. Disinfecting systems other than chlorine have not been evaluated by this method.
1.2 Guidelines and requirements for test temperatures, test hoop stresses, and other test criteria have been established by prior testing of PE pipe. Other related system components that typically appear in a PE cold water supply or service system can be evaluated with the PE pipe. When testing PE pipe and fittings as a system, it is recommended that the anticipated end-use fitting type(s) and material(s) be included in the test circuit since it is known that some fitting types and materials can impact failure times. Specimens used shall be representative of the piping product(s) and material(s) under investigation.Note 2
The procedures described in this test method (with some modifications of test temperatures or stresses, or both) have been used to evaluate pipes manufactured from polybutylene (PB), crosslinked polyethylene (PEX), polypropylene (PP), multilayer (polymer-metal composite), copper, and stainless steel.
1.3 This test method is applicable to PE pipe and systems used for transport of potable water containing free-chlorine for disinfecting purposes. The oxidizing potential of the test-fluid specified in this test method exceeds that typically found in potable water systems across the United States.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only and are not considered standard.
The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section , of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2263 − 07(Reapproved 2011) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Polyethylene (PE)
Pipe to Chlorinated Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2263; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This test method describes the general requirements for
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
evaluating the long-term, chlorinated water, oxidative resis-
test method portion, Section 12, of this specification.This
tance of polyethylene (PE), used in cold water supply or
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
service systems by exposure to chlorinated water. This test
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
methodoutlinestherequirementsofapressurizedflow-through
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
test system, typical test pressures, test-fluid characteristics,
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
failure type, and data analysis.
tions prior to use.
NOTE 1—Other known disinfecting systems (chlorine dioxide, ozone,
and chloramine) are currently used for protection of potable water;
2. Referenced Documents
however, free-chlorine is by far the most common system in use today.
Disinfecting systems other than chlorine have not been evaluated by this
2.1 ASTM Standards:
method.
D1600 TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
1.2 Guidelines and requirements for test temperatures, test
tics
hoop stresses, and other test criteria have been established by
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
prior testing of PE pipe. Other related system components that
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
typically appear in a PE cold water supply or service system
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
can be evaluated with the PE pipe. When testing PE pipe and
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
fittings as a system, it is recommended that the anticipated
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
end-use fitting type(s) and material(s) be included in the test
2.2 ISO Standards:
circuit since it is known that some fitting types and materials
ISO 9080 Thermoplastic Pipe for Transport of Fluids—
can impact failure times. Specimens used shall be representa-
Methods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture
tive of the piping product(s) and material(s) under investiga-
Data to Determine the Long Term Strength of Thermo-
tion.
plastic Pipe
NOTE 2—The procedures described in this test method (with some 2.3 Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) Document:
modifications of test temperatures or stresses, or both) have been used to
TN-16 Rate Process Method for Projecting Performance of
evaluate pipes manufactured from polybutylene (PB), crosslinked poly- 4
Polyethylene Piping Components
ethylene (PEX), polypropylene (PP), multilayer (polymer-metal
2.4 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Document:
composite), copper, and stainless steel.
1996 WATER: STATS Survey
1.3 This test method is applicable to PE pipe and systems
used for transport of potable water containing free-chlorine for
3. Terminology
disinfecting purposes. The oxidizing potential of the test-fluid
3.1 Definitions:
specified in this test method exceeds that typically found in
potable water systems across the United States.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Methods. Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally Irving, TX 75062, http://www.plasticpipe.org.
ϵ1 5
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2263–07 . DOI: Available fromAmerican Water WorksAssociation (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy
10.1520/F2263-07R11. Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2263 − 07 (2011)
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The PE pipe/fitting assemblies are exposed to pressur-
ized test-fluid until failure. All time-to-fail data used for
analysis shall be the result of the same failure mode, either all
stage II or all stage III.Aminimum number of test temperature
and hoop stress conditions are required to allow accurate data
analysis and time-to-failure extrapolations. If using only stage
II failure data, no lifetime extrapolations can be made without
further validation.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Environment or oxidative time-to-fail data derived from
this test method, analyzed in accordance with Section 13, are
suitable for extrapolation to typical end-use temperatures and
hoop stresses. The extrapolated value(s) provides a relative
FIG. 1 Pictorial Illustration of Failure Types
indication of the resistance of the tested PE pipe or system to
theoxidativeeffectsofchlorinatedwaterforconditionsequiva-
lent to those conditions under which the test data were
obtained. The performance of a material or piping product
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412
under actual conditions of installation and use is dependent
and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600,
upon a number of factors including installation methods, use
unless otherwise indicated.
patterns, water quality, nature and magnitude of localized
3.1.2 brittle failure (Stage II), n—failure in the pipe wall
stresses, and other variables of an actual, operating cold water
that is characterized by little or no material deformation in the
supply or service system that are not addressed in this test
failure area and is the result of a single crack emanating from
method. As such, the extrapolated values do not constitute a
the interior of the pipe to the outside surface typically resulting
representation that a PE pipe or system with a given extrapo-
in a pinhole leak, see Fig. 1.
lated time-to-failure value will perform for that period of time
under actual use conditions.
3.1.3 cold water supply or service system, n—acombination
of components such as pipe, fittings, valves, and so forth, that
5.2 This test method has been generally used for evaluating
wheninstalledasacompletesystem,makeupthewatersupply
oxidative(stageIII)failuredata.Forsomesystemsbeingtested
system.
accelerated stage II failures can occur. These failures can also
3.1.4 ductilefailure(StageI),n—failureinthepipewallthat be analyzed using the regression analysis outlined in Section
is characterized by obvious localized deformation of the 13. Extrapolation of this data may need to be validated prior to
material visible with the unaided eye, see Fig. 1. Ductile making any lifetime predictions.
failures produced with this test method shall not be used for
data analysis.
6. Apparatus
3.1.5 environmental or oxidative failure (Stage III),
6.1 Pressurized Flow-Through Test System—Asystem com-
n—failure in the pipe wall characterized by a large number of
prised of the necessary pump(s), fittings, piping, heaters,
cracks emanating from the interior surface of the pipe wall, see
sensors, and meters that is capable of maintaining the required
Fig. 1.
test pressures within the tolerance specified in 9.1.3, the
required test temperatures within the tolerance of 9.1.2, and
3.1.6 long-term oxidative resistance, n—the extrapolated
flow the test-fluid through the specimens continually at a flow
time-to-failure prediction as determined by analysis of time-
rate within the tolerance specified in 9.1.4. Cyclic pressure
to-failure test data by multiple linear regression utilizing the
variations, such as those produced by some pumping systems,
rate process method of PPI TN-16 or three parameter model of
shall not produce pressure excursions that exceed the tolerance
ISO 9080.
stated in 9.1.3.
3.1.7 multiple linear regression, n—a three or four coeffi-
cient mathematical model used to analyze time-to-failure data
6.2 Specimen Holders—Test specimens shall be supported
from different temperatures and stresses to extrapolate pro-
to minimize or eliminate externally induced stresses. Speci-
jected time-to-failure at selected temperatures or stresses.
mens shall be allowed to freely expand bi-directionally.
3.1.8 oxidation reduction potential (ORP), n—oxidation
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
reduction potential (ORP), n-a measure of the total oxidizing
power of a solution by means of a platinum-redox electrode.
7.1 Sampling—Select at random, a sufficient amount of pipe
For a further explanation of ORP see Appendix X2.
to satisfy the specimen requirements of this test method.When
3.1.9 unaided eye, n—observable without visual enhance- testing as a system, randomly select a sufficient quantity of
ment beyond correction for normal vision. fittings.
F2263 − 07 (2011)
7.2 Test Specimen Size—The recommended minimum pipe
DR = dimension ratio, DR, and
size is ⁄2 CTS. The PE pipe specimens shall be 12 to 18 in.
D = average outside diameter, in. (mm).
o
(300 to 460 mm) in length between fitting closures or between
fitting joints.
8. Calibration and Standardization
7.2.1 Dimensions Measurement—Measure and record the
8.1 Measuring Equipment—All measuring and testing
critical dimensions for pipe and fittings. For pipe, measure the
equipment having an effect on the accuracy or validity of the
average outside diameter and wall-thickness in accordance
calibrations or tests shall be calibrated or verified, or both,
with Test Method D2122. For fittings, measure those dimen-
before being put into service.
sions critical to the function of the joint, as well as minimum
body wall thickness.
9. Test Fluid
7.3 Testing as a System—When testing PE pipe and related
9.1 Internal Test Fluid—The test fluid shall be reverse
system components (such as fittings) as a system, the other
osmosis (RO) or deionized (DI) water prepared in accordance
components shall be attached to the PE pipe in the same
with 9.1.1.
manner as in actual service. For fittings, the particular fitting
9.1.1 RO or DI Water Test-Fluid Preparation—Test fluid
style shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
prepared from RO or DI water shall have a pH in the range
instructions or the ASTM specification when applicable.
from 6.5 to 8.0 and contain 2.5 ppm to 5 ppm (milligrams per
litre) of free-chlorine.The chosen pH shall be maintained to 6
7.4 Minimum Required Test Units—A minimum of six test
0.2 and the chosen free-chlorine concentration shall be main-
units is required. A test unit is comprised of two or more
tained to 6 0.2 ppm. The pH and free-chlorine concentration
individual time-to-failure data points at the same temperature
combinationshallyieldaminimumORPof825mVforthetest
and hoop stress condition. Obtaining additional data points at
fluid.
each temperature/hoop stress condition will benefit statistical
9.1.2 Test Fluid Temperature Control—The test fluid enter-
reliability of the analysis of the resultant data.
ing each specimen shall be maintained to 61.8°F (61°C) of
7.4.1 Test Unit Distribution—Time-to-failure data points
the test temperature.
shall be obtained at 2 test hoop stresses at each of a minimum
9.1.3 Pressure Control—The pressure of the test fluid shall
of 3 test temperatures for a minimum of 12 data points. As an
be maintained to 63 psig (620.69 kPa).
alternate, obtain time-to-failure data for the temperature/hoop
9.1.4 Test Fluid Flow Rate—The flow rate of the test fluid
stress combinations of the three-temperature matrix of PPI
shall yield a minimum velocity of 0.12 fps (0.04 mps). For the
TN-16, see Note 3. Hoop stresses shall be separated by a least
nominal size ⁄2 in., SDR 9 tubing, this corresponds to a flow
80 psi (0.55 MPa).
rateof0.06gpm(0.23LPM).Theformulausedtocalculatethe
NOTE 3—When using the PPI TN-16 matrix, Temperature T , which
flow rates for other sizes and DRs is as follows:
requires testing at only one stress, refers to the lowest test temperature.
π id/2 *FPS*720
~ !
7.4.2 Test Temperature Selection —Temperatures of 90°C 5gpm (3)
(194°F), 80°C (176°F), and 70°C (158°F) have been utilized in
where:
priortestingofPE,seeNote4.Adjacenttesttemperaturesshall
be separated by at least 18°F (10°C). Other test temperatures id = measured inside diameter of the tubing, in.
may be used, but the maximum test temperature shall not
9.2 Test Fluid Instrument Accuracy:
exceed 95°C (203°F).
9.2.1 pH—The pH measurement and control instruments
shall have an accuracy of 0.1 pH or better.
NOTE 4—Prior testing indicates that for the test temperatures stated in
7.4.2, hoop stresses to yield Stage II or III failures within reasonable 9.2.2 Free-Chlorine—Free-chlorine content measurement
testing times are between 120 psi (830 kPa) and 480 psi (3.31 MPa). For
and control instruments shall have an accuracy of 0.1 ppm or
a true SDR 9 tube, those hoop stresses correspond to test pressures of 30
better.
psig (207 kPa) to 120 psig (830 kPa). If a selected test hoop stress
9.2.3 ORP—TheORPmeasurementandcontrolinstruments
produces Stage I failures, the stress will need to be reduced to produce all
shall have an accuracy of 610 mV or better.
Stage II or all Stage III failures at all temperatures.
7.4.2.1 Relationship of Internal Pressure to Hoop Stress—
10. External Environment
The hoop stress in the pipe wall is calculated by the following
10.1 The exterior environment shall be air and shall be
expression, commonly known as the ISO equation:
maintained at the target temperature of the test fluid tempera-
2S/P5DR21 (1)
ture 64.5°F (62.5°C). Direct, forced-air heating of the speci-
or mens shall not be used.
2S/P5~D /t!21 (2)
o
11. Specimen Positioning
where:
11.1 The specimens can be positioned vertically or horizon-
S = stress in the circumferential or hoop direction, psi
tally. Horizontal positioning requi
...
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