ASTM D1109-84(2007)

Standard Test Method for 1% Sodium Hydroxide Solubility of Wood

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Hot alkali extracts low molecular weight carbohydrates consisting mainly of hemicellulose and degraded cellulose in wood. This solubility of wood is an indication of the degree of fungal decay, or degradation by heat, light, oxidation, and so forth. The more decay or degradation, the higher the solubility.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solubility of wood in a hot dilute alkali solution. A 1 % solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used. One application is in determining the degree of fungus decay that has taken place in a given wood sample. As the wood decays, the percentage of alkali-soluble material increases in proportion to the decrease in pulp yield caused by the decay.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2007
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1109-84(2001) - Standard Test Method for 1% Sodium Hydroxide Solubility of Wood
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1109 − 84(Reapproved 2007) Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry
Standard Method T 212 os-76
Standard Test Method for
1 % Sodium Hydroxide Solubility of Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Beakers—The beakers shall be tall-form, 200-mL,
alkali-resistant glass beakers.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solu-
3.3 Filtering Crucibles—Alundum or fritted-glass crucibles
bility of wood in a hot dilute alkali solution. A1 % solution of
of medium porosity are recommended for filtering the treated
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used. One application is in
sawdust.
determining the degree of fungus decay that has taken place in
a given wood sample. As the wood decays, the percentage of
4. Reagents
alkali-soluble material increases in proportion to the decrease
4.1 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1.0 %)—Allow a chemi-
in pulp yield caused by the decay.
cally pure NaOH solution (50 %) to stand about 1 week in a
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stoppered vessel to permit settling of Na CO and other
2 3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
insoluble impurities. Dilute the supernatant clear solution with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
distilled water free of CO and adjust to between 0.9 and 1.1 %
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NaOH.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 Acetic Acid (10 %).
2. Significance and Use
5. Test Specimen
2.1 Hot alkali extracts low molecular weight carbohydrates
5.1 The test specimen shall consist of air-dried sawdust that
consisting mainly of hemicellulose and degraded cellulose in
has been ground to pass a 425-µm sieve and be retained on a
wood. This solubility of wood is an indication of the degree of
250-µm sieve. The weight of the test specimen shall be such
fungal decay, or degradation by heat, light, oxidation, and so
that it will be equivalent to 2 6 0.1 g of moisture-free wood.
forth. The more decay or degradation, the higher the solubility.
6. Procedure
3. Apparatus
6.1 Place two test specimens in 200-mL, tall-form beakers
and add to each 100 mL of NaOH solution (1 %) measured
3.1 Water Bath—The water bath shall be designed so that
carefully with a graduate.After stirring well, place the covered
the temperature of the material during treatment is uniformly
beakers in the water bath, which shall be boiling steadily.
maintained at 97 to 100°C. When a new bath is used the
Leave the beakers in the bath for exactly 1 h, stirring the
temperature shall be checked to ensure the use of proper
contents three times, at periods of 10, 15, and 25 min after the
conditions. The type of bath recommended is one that is
beakers are placed in the bath.
covered and that has holes in the top of such size that beakers
6.2 At the end of 1 h, filter the contents of each beaker by
may be set down in the bath until they are supported by the
suction on a tared crucible. Wash the sawdust with 100 mL
...