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ASTM F2454-05(2022)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using Chemical Grouting

Standard Practice for Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using Chemical Grouting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of lateral connections for sanitary sewers are regular practice necessary for the maintenance and optimal performance of the system. It is important to identify methods that use the most current compounds and technology to ensure the reduction of infiltration and exfiltration. It is important to minimize disruption to traffic and lessen the environmental impacts for both the municipal and private owners.  
3.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and seal sewer lateral connections and a predetermined portion of the lateral lines from the mainline sewer, having selected the appropriate chemical grouts using the lateral packer method. Television (or optical) inspection and sewer lateral connection testing are used to assess the condition and document any repairs.  
3.3 This practice should not be used where mainline and lateral connections are found with longitudinally cracked pipe, structurally unsound pipe, or flattened or out of round pipe.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing and sealing sewer lateral connections and lateral lines from the mainline sewer with appropriate chemical grouts using the lateral packer method. Chemical grouting is used to stop infiltration of ground water and exfiltration of sewage in gravity flow sewer systems that are structurally sound.  
1.2 This practice applies to mainline sewer diameters of 6 in. to 24 in. with 4 in., 5 in., or 6 in. diameter laterals. Larger diameter pipes with lateral connections and lines can be grouted with special packers or man-entry methods. The mainline and lateral pipes must be structurally adequate to create an effective seal.  
1.3 Worker safety training should include reviewing the biohazards and gases from sewage, confined spaces, pumping equipment, and related apparatus. Additional safety considerations including proper handling, mixing, and transporting of chemical grouts should be provided by the chemical grout manufacturer or supplier, or both. Their safe operating practices and procedures should describe in detail appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the various grouting operations. Operations covered should include the proper storage, transportation, mixing, and disposal of chemical grouts, additives, and their associated containers.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
93.030 - External sewage systems
Technical Committee
F36 - Technology and Underground Utilities
Drafting Committee
F36.20 - Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F2454-05(2022) - Standard Practice for Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using Chemical GroutingASTM F2454-05(2022) - Standard Practice for Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using Chemical Grouting
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ASTM F2454-05(2022) - Standard Practice for Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using Chemical Grouting
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2454 − 05 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline
Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using
1
Chemical Grouting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The infiltration of water in sanitary sewer systems through the lateral service connection and the
first few joints of the lateral below the groundwater table is a major problem for collection system
owners. The combined length of the lateral services often exceeds the length of the mainline sewers.
Often, the lateral services have been built with little or no supervision and little or no above-ground
access for monitoring and inspection.
1. Scope 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing and
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
sealing sewer lateral connections and lateral lines from the
and are not considered standard.
mainline sewer with appropriate chemical grouts using the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lateral packer method. Chemical grouting is used to stop
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
infiltration of ground water and exfiltration of sewage in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gravity flow sewer systems that are structurally sound.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and to
1.2 This practice applies to mainline sewer diameters of
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
6 in. to 24 in. with 4 in., 5 in., or 6 in. diameter laterals. Larger
use.
diameter pipes with lateral connections and lines can be
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
grouted with special packers or man-entry methods. The
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mainline and lateral pipes must be structurally adequate to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
create an effective seal.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 Worker safety training should include reviewing the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
biohazards and gases from sewage, confined spaces, pumping
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
equipment, and related apparatus. Additional safety consider-
2. Referenced Documents
ations including proper handling, mixing, and transporting of
2
chemical grouts should be provided by the chemical grout
2.1 ASTM Standards:
manufacturer or supplier, or both. Their safe operating prac-
F2304 Practice for Sealing of Sewers Using Chemical
tices and procedures should describe in detail appropriate
Grouting
3
personal protective equipment (PPE) for the various grouting
2.2 NASSCO Standard:
operations. Operations covered should include the proper
NASSCO Specification Guidelines Wastewater Collection
storage, transportation, mixing, and disposal of chemical
System Maintenance and Rehabilitation, 2003
grouts, additives, and their associated containers.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F36 on Technology contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally Available from NationalAssociation of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO),
ɛ1
approved 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2454 – 05(2016) . Inc., 5285 Westview Drive, Suite 202, Frederick, MD 21703, http://
DOI: 10.1520/F2454-05R22. www.nassco.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2454 − 05 (2022)
3. Significance and Use 4.1.9 Disposal Area, for all materials removed from the
sewers during the performance of the work and the unencum-
3.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of lateral connections
bered right of the contractor to transport and expeditiously
for sanitar
...

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1.1 This practice covers procedures for assessing the blockage within gravity-fed sewer pipes using transmissive acoustics for the purpose of prioritizing sewer pipe cleaning operations.2 The assessment is based on an acoustic receiver measuring the acoustic plane wave transmitted through the pipe segment under test in order to evaluate the blockage condition of an entire segment and to provide an onsite assessment of the blockage within the pipe segment. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)3  
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1.3 This standard practice does not address structural issues with the pipe wall.  
1.4 The inspection process requires access to the manhole (MH) from ground level. It does not require physical access to the sewer line by either the equipment or the operator.  
1.5 This standard practice applies to all types of pipe material.  
1.6 The inspection process requires access to sewers and operations along roadways or other locations that are safety hazards. This standard does not describe the hazards likely to be encountered or the safety procedures that must be carried out when operating in these hazardous environments.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ABSTRACT
This practice describes the procedures involved in the structural reinforcement, sealing, protection, and rehabilitation of sanitary sewer manholes by the application of a prepackaged protective cementitious liner system to all cleaned interior surface from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The manholes to which the cementitious liner shall be applied may be made of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials. Detailed descriptions are given for all prepackaged materials necessary for this practice that include materials for substrate repairs, cementitious repair materials, infiltration water control materials, cementitious water control materials, chemical grout materials, and lining materials. Detailed descriptions are also provided for each procedure involved here which includes surface preparation, high pressure cleaning, surface repair, mixing of prepackaged cementitious repair materials, spray application of the cement liner by manual surface sealing or centrifugal cast process, and curing of the freshly applied cementitious mortar.
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1.1 This specification describes all the work required to structurally reinforce, seal, and protect sanitary sewer manholes. Applications include applying a prepackaged cementitious liner that can function as a full depth restoration or a partial depth repair. A uniform high-strength, fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar should be manually sprayed and hand troweled or centrifugally cast in a uniform, prescribed thickness to all cleaned, interior surfaces from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The cementitious liner may be applied to manholes constructed of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials.  
1.2 A manufacturer’s approved applicator shall furnish the complete application of the protective, prepackaged cementitious liner material. All of the cleaning, preparation, and application procedures shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM F2414-04(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical Grouting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is used as a guide for the installation of chemical grout in the practice of sealing sewer manholes from leaks, cracks, and around penetrations. It is attended to assist sewer owners and engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized inspectors for installation method specification and for contractors to refer to during installations of chemical grout for manhole sealing.
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Standard Practice for Sealing of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of sewer pipe joints is a practice that can assist in maintaining and optimizing sewer performance. It is important to identify methods that use the most current compounds and technology to ensure the reduction of infiltration and exfiltration. The method selected should utilize environmentally safe grout and minimize the disruption of traffic.  
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5.1 This is intended to outline O&M issues that require discussion and mutual agreement by both the optical fiber cable owner and sewer pipeline operator. The purpose is developing sufficient written procedures and practices to allow optical fiber systems to coexist as a secondary use within a sewer. To the extent that sewers are primarily for conveying flow, it is the responsibility of the optical fiber cable owner to accommodate sewer O&M practices and develop optical fiber system O&M procedures that will not material impact the sewer’s primary function.  
5.2 Since the practice of integrating sewers and optical fiber systems is an emerging activity, this practice will help establish guidelines for its rapid and safe deployment, ensuring that the installed facilities are operable as intended on a long-term basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the operation and maintenance of sewers with a subsequent installation of optical fiber cable in accordance with Practice F2303.  
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4.1 Safety factors must be addressed and incorporated into the work to protect the workers and the public, and construction activities may need to be altered accordingly. Engineering and construction costs are a part of the analysis.  
4.2 Access rights to the work should be considered in the design of the project.  
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1.1 This guide addresses only primary safety concerns, easements, constructability, liability of the various parties, and risk management related to constructing, installing, maintaining, or changing an optical fiber network in an existing sewer.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. See 4.1 and 5.1 – 5.1.7 for specific safety information.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Laser Technologies for Measurement of Cross-Sectional Shape of Pipeline and Conduit by Non-Rotating Laser Projector, Infrared Measurement, and CCTV Camera System

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Laser profiling assessment is a quality control tool for identifying and quantifying deformation, physical damage, and other pipe anomalies after installation, providing means and methods for determining the quality of workmanship and compliance with project specifications. Laser profiling can be used for:  
4.1.1 Measurement of the structural shape, cross sectional area and defects;  
4.1.2 Collection of data needed for pipe rehabilitation or replacement design; and  
4.1.3 Post rehabilitation, replacement or new construction workmanship verification.  
4.2 A laser profile pre-acceptance and condition assessment survey provides significant information in a clear and concise manner, including but not limited to graphs and still frame digital images of pipe condition prior to acceptance, thereby providing objective data on the installed quality and percentage ovality, deformation, deflection or deviation, that is often not possible from an inspection by either a mandrel or CCTV only survey.
SCOPE
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1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Standard Practice for Prioritizing Sewer Pipe Cleaning Operations by Using Transmissive Acoustic Inspection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Significance:  
4.1.1 Collection system maintenance requires allocating cleaning resources to the right place prior to system failure (sanitary sewer overflows, mainline blockages, and building backups). Transmissive acoustic inspection provides a tool to assist in allocating cleaning resources by prioritizing pipe segments based on their blockage assessment and thereby facilitating efficient cleaning resource allocation.  
4.1.2 This standard practice provides minimum requirements and suggested practices regarding the transmissive acoustic inspection of gravity-fed sewer line blockage assessment to meet the needs of maintenance personnel, engineers, contractors, authorities, regulatory agencies, and financing institutions.  
4.2 Limitations and Appropriate Uses:  
4.2.1 The blockage assessment provided by the transmissive acoustic inspection may not resolve the type of blockage(s) within the pipe segment nor resolve the location(s) of the blockage(s) within the pipe segment.  
4.2.2 Due to the physics associated with transmissive acoustic inspection, the blockage assessment may be confounded due to:
(1) Structural designs resulting in poor acoustic coupling,
(2) Pipe segments completely filled with water, for example, full pipe sag or inverted siphon, and
(3) Transient conditions within the pipe, for example, active lateral discharge or temporary flow surcharges.
These issues are addressed as part of the performance criteria specified in X1.5.  
4.2.3 Due to physics associated with acoustics and trade-offs in equipment design for conducting transmissive acoustic inspection, there are limitations based on the following pipe segment attributes:
(1) Pipe diameter,
(2) Pipe segment length,
(3) MH depth, and
(4) Flow levels.
Inspections conducted outside the manufacturer’s recommended ranges for these pipe segment attributes may result in the transmissive acoustic blockage assessment deviating from the performance criteria specified in X1.5...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for assessing the blockage within gravity-fed sewer pipes using transmissive acoustics for the purpose of prioritizing sewer pipe cleaning operations.2 The assessment is based on an acoustic receiver measuring the acoustic plane wave transmitted through the pipe segment under test in order to evaluate the blockage condition of an entire segment and to provide an onsite assessment of the blockage within the pipe segment. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)3  
1.2 The scope of this practice covers the use of the transmissive acoustic inspection as a screening tool. The blockage assessment provided by the acoustic inspection should be used to identify and prioritize pipe segments requiring further maintenance action such as cleaning or visual inspection, or both. Thereby, also identifying the pipe segments which are sufficiently clean and do not require additional maintenance action.  
1.3 This standard practice does not address structural issues with the pipe wall.  
1.4 The inspection process requires access to the manhole (MH) from ground level. It does not require physical access to the sewer line by either the equipment or the operator.  
1.5 This standard practice applies to all types of pipe material.  
1.6 The inspection process requires access to sewers and operations along roadways or other locations that are safety hazards. This standard does not describe the hazards likely to be encountered or the safety procedures that must be carried out when operating in these hazardous environments.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate s...

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ASTM
ASTM F2551-09(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in Sanitary Sewer Manholes

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the procedures involved in the structural reinforcement, sealing, protection, and rehabilitation of sanitary sewer manholes by the application of a prepackaged protective cementitious liner system to all cleaned interior surface from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The manholes to which the cementitious liner shall be applied may be made of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials. Detailed descriptions are given for all prepackaged materials necessary for this practice that include materials for substrate repairs, cementitious repair materials, infiltration water control materials, cementitious water control materials, chemical grout materials, and lining materials. Detailed descriptions are also provided for each procedure involved here which includes surface preparation, high pressure cleaning, surface repair, mixing of prepackaged cementitious repair materials, spray application of the cement liner by manual surface sealing or centrifugal cast process, and curing of the freshly applied cementitious mortar.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes all the work required to structurally reinforce, seal, and protect sanitary sewer manholes. Applications include applying a prepackaged cementitious liner that can function as a full depth restoration or a partial depth repair. A uniform high-strength, fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar should be manually sprayed and hand troweled or centrifugally cast in a uniform, prescribed thickness to all cleaned, interior surfaces from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The cementitious liner may be applied to manholes constructed of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials.  
1.2 A manufacturer’s approved applicator shall furnish the complete application of the protective, prepackaged cementitious liner material. All of the cleaning, preparation, and application procedures shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Manholes are permit required confined spaces in accordance with OSHA definition and should be treated as such, requiring confined space entry permits, appropriate monitoring equipment, and the associated personal protective equipment.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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