ASTM F2551-09(2023)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in Sanitary Sewer Manholes
Standard Practice for Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in Sanitary Sewer Manholes
ABSTRACT
This practice describes the procedures involved in the structural reinforcement, sealing, protection, and rehabilitation of sanitary sewer manholes by the application of a prepackaged protective cementitious liner system to all cleaned interior surface from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The manholes to which the cementitious liner shall be applied may be made of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials. Detailed descriptions are given for all prepackaged materials necessary for this practice that include materials for substrate repairs, cementitious repair materials, infiltration water control materials, cementitious water control materials, chemical grout materials, and lining materials. Detailed descriptions are also provided for each procedure involved here which includes surface preparation, high pressure cleaning, surface repair, mixing of prepackaged cementitious repair materials, spray application of the cement liner by manual surface sealing or centrifugal cast process, and curing of the freshly applied cementitious mortar.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes all the work required to structurally reinforce, seal, and protect sanitary sewer manholes. Applications include applying a prepackaged cementitious liner that can function as a full depth restoration or a partial depth repair. A uniform high-strength, fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar should be manually sprayed and hand troweled or centrifugally cast in a uniform, prescribed thickness to all cleaned, interior surfaces from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The cementitious liner may be applied to manholes constructed of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials.
1.2 A manufacturer’s approved applicator shall furnish the complete application of the protective, prepackaged cementitious liner material. All of the cleaning, preparation, and application procedures shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Manholes are permit required confined spaces in accordance with OSHA definition and should be treated as such, requiring confined space entry permits, appropriate monitoring equipment, and the associated personal protective equipment.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2551 − 09 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Practice for
Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in
Sanitary Sewer Manholes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
A sanitary sewer manhole may be repaired or rehabilitated by applying a prepackaged cementitious
liner to the interior surface after it has been properly prepared and cleaned. Sanitary sewer manholes
can be damaged by dynamic loading, abrasion, erosion, and corrosion.
1. Scope confined space entry permits, appropriate monitoring
equipment, and the associated personal protective equipment.
1.1 This specification describes all the work required to
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
structurally reinforce, seal, and protect sanitary sewer man-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
holes. Applications include applying a prepackaged cementi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tious liner that can function as a full depth restoration or a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
partial depth repair. A uniform high-strength, fiber-reinforced
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cementitious mortar should be manually sprayed and hand
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
troweled or centrifugally cast in a uniform, prescribed thick-
ness to all cleaned, interior surfaces from the bottom of the
2. Referenced Documents
frame to the bench. The cementitious liner may be applied to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
manholes constructed of brick, concrete, block, and various
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
other materials.
drical Concrete Specimens
1.2 A manufacturer’s approved applicator shall furnish the
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
complete application of the protective, prepackaged cementi-
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube
tious liner material. All of the cleaning, preparation, and
Specimens)
application procedures shall be in accordance with the manu-
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
facturer’s recommendations.
pounds for Curing Concrete
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Concrete
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
C969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
and are not considered standard.
C1140/C1140M Practice for Preparing and Testing Speci-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mens from Shotcrete Test Panels
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C1244 Test Method for Concrete Sewer Manholes by the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Prior to Backfill
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(Metric) C1244_C1244M
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C1315 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
Manholes are permit required confined spaces in accordance
pounds Having Special Properties for Curing and Sealing
with OSHA definition and should be treated as such, requiring
Concrete
F2414 Practice for Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical
Grouting
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technology
and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20
on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 15, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2551 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2551-09R23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2551 − 09 (2023)
2.2 ACI Standards: 4.3.2 No modification should be made to the product’s
ACI 301-05 Specifications for Structural Concrete recommendations for handling, mixing, placing, and finishing
ACI 305R-99 Hot Weather Concreting without the manufacturer’s prior written approval.
ACI 306R-88 Cold Weather Concreting
4.4 Chemical Grout Material—To stop water leaks and
ACI 308R Practice for Curing Concrete
infiltration with chemical grout, refer to Practice F2414.
ACI 506R Guide to Shotcrete
4.5 Lining Material—Prepackaged cementitious lining ma-
2.3 ICRI Technical Guidelines:
terials are specifically designed to repair or rehabilitate sewer
Guideline No. 03732 Selecting and Specifying Concrete
manhole.
Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer
Overlays 4.6 Other Materials—No other material shall be used with
Guideline No. 03737 Guide for the Preparation of Concrete or added to the prepackaged cementitious liner materials
Surfaces for Repair Using Hydro-demolition Methods without prior written approval from the manufacturer.
3. Ordering Information
5. Surface Preparation, Cleaning, and Repair
3.1 Submittals—Orders for all prepackaged materials listed
5.1 The applicator is responsible to ensure that the manhole
under this practice shall include the following:
is properly cleaned and prepared.
3.1.1 Product data, including manufacturer and brand name;
5.2 Place wooden or plastic covers or other protective
3.1.2 Technical data stipulating physical characteristics of
devices over the sewer manhole invert while cleaning the
applied liner material; and
manhole wall and bench sections before applying the prepack-
3.1.3 Manufacturer’s Safety Data Sheets.
aged cementitious liner. Wire mesh and fabric filters allowing
3.2 Delivery, Storage, and Handling:
water to pass are also acceptable.
3.2.1 The prepackaged cementitious materials should be
5.3 Remove all foreign materials from the manhole wall and
stored according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. No
bench sections. Remove all loose and protruding bricks,
modification should be made to the manufacturer’s recommen-
mortar, and concrete. Remove metal, plastic, or brick stairs, if
dations for handling and delivery of these products.
required, before applying the new liner. Fill any large voids
with fast setting cementitious repair material.
4. Materials and Manufacture
5.4 Surface Cleaning Procedures:
4.1 All prepackaged materials shall be designed,
5.4.1 High Pressure Cleaning—Properly cleaning the sur-
manufactured, and intended for sewer manhole rehabilitation
face of the structure is critical to the success of this rehabili-
and the specific application in which they are used. Each
tation method. Use a high-pressure washer delivering a mini-
material shall be designed for application over damp surfaces
mum of 3500 psi (2413 MPa). A minimum of two and a half
without degradation of the final product or the bond between
gallons per minute (9.46 litres per minute) should be delivered
the product and the manhole surface.
through the spray tip. The spray tip should be kept between
4.2 Materials for Substrate Repairs—All voids and irregu-
6 in. and 12 in. (15.24 cm and 30.48 cm) from the surface and
larities of the substrate should be filled or repaired with
be held at an angle between 45° and 90° to the surface being
structurally sound materials before applying the cementitious
cleaned. The spray tip should be directed across the surface at
liner material.
a speed of no more than one foot per second (0.3 metres per
4.2.1 Cementitious Repair Materials—Hand mix and apply
second). If the surface is especially dirty or greasy, cleaning
for filling voids and reforming benches and resurfacing the
agents may be added to the pressure washer water or the water
brick, concrete walls, and bench surfaces of the sewer man-
may be heated. When hot water is required, it should be heated
hole. Mix the cement repair material and apply according to the
to 210 °F (99 °C). Care should be taken to clean the frame
manufacturer’s instructions. The cementitious liner material
sealing surface where the lid fits into the frame, removing any
can be used as the repair material.
debris or other materials that negatively impact the lids ability
4.3 Infiltration Water Control Materials—Specifically for-
to seal against the frame. Cleaning should begin with the frame
mulated for stopping water leaks and minor infiltration.
surface and progress down to and include the bench. A rotating
4.3.1 Cementitious Water Control Materials—Used to stop
spray nozzle may be used for cleaning, if it meets pressure and
flowing water leaks in concrete and masonry structures. This
flow requirements. Care should be taken to avoid further
material may be applied in dry form directly to the leak area or
structural damage to the existing surface.
mixed with potable water to a soft putty consistency for larger
5.4.2 In some situations, when removing existing coatings
active leaks. This material is held in place until it sets and the
or linings, pneumatic hammers, hydro-demolition, or sand
leak stops. Mix and use according to the manufacturer’s
blasting may be required. Refer to Guideline No. 03732 or
instructions.
Guideline No. 03737.
5.4.3 Some substrates may require more surface preparation
including acid washing. If acid washing is performed, the acid
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), 38800 Country Club Dr.,
cleaned surface should be neutralized.
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3439, http://www.concrete.org.
5.4.4 Remove any loose material after all preparations and
Available from the International Concrete Repair Institute, Inc. (ICRI), 1000
Westgate Drive, Suite 252, St. Paul, Minnesota 55114, http://www.icri.org. cleaning has been completed. Do not allow soil, sand, debris,
F2551 − 09 (2023)
or runoff to enter the sewer
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