ASTM D5312/D5312M-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Freezing and Thawing Conditions
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Freezing and Thawing Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rock for erosion control consists of individual pieces of natural stone. The ability of these individual pieces of stone to resist deterioration due to weathering action affects the stability of the integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence, the stability of construction projects, structures, shorelines, and stream banks.
5.2 This test method is designed to determine the effects of freezing and thawing action on the individual pieces of rock for erosion control and the resistance of the rock to deterioration. This test method was developed to be used in conjunction with additional test methods listed in Practice D4992. This test method does not provide an absolute value but rather an indication of the resistance to freezing and thawing; therefore, the results of this test method are not to be used as the sole basis for the determination of rock durability.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for evaluating the durability of rock for erosion control by evaluating the performance of slabs of rock when exposed to freezing and thawing conditions. This weathering test exposes the rock to freezing and thawing cycles similar to natural weather conditions. The rock slabs, prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, are intended to be representative of erosion control rock and its weaknesses. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap, and gabion sized rock materials.
1.2 The limitations of the test are twofold.
1.2.1 First, the size of the cut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal defects present in the rock structure. The test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in construction. Careful examination of the rock source and proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.
1.2.2 Second, the test requires the rock slabs to be exposed to up to 55 freezing-thawing cycles. The test is time intensive and the entire procedure including sample preparation, testing, and analysis may require in excess of two months if automated freezing-thawing equipment is available and in excess of 5 months if the manual method is used. This limitation makes this test most useful as an initial source approval type test and may limit its practical usefulness as a more frequent quality control test during construction.
1.3 The use of reclaimed concrete and other such materials is beyond the scope of this test method.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesira...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5312/D5312M − 21
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under
1
Freezing and Thawing Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5312/D5312M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for evaluating
(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight),whiletheunitformass
the durability of rock for erosion control by evaluating the
is slugs. The slug unit is not given unless dynamic (F=ma)
performance of slabs of rock when exposed to freezing and
calculations are involved.
thawing conditions. This weathering test exposes the rock to
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
freezing and thawing cycles similar to natural weather condi-
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
tions. The rock slabs, prepared in accordance with procedures
of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly
in Practice D5121, are intended to be representative of erosion
combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the
control rock and its weaknesses. The test is appropriate for
gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to com-
breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap, and gabion sized rock
bine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a
materials.
single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravita-
1.2 The limitations of the test are twofold.
tional system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the
1.2.1 First, the size of the cut rock slab specimens may
slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales
eliminate some of the internal defects present in the rock
recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft
structure. The test specimens may not be representative of the
3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
qualityofthelargerrocksamplesusedinconstruction.Careful
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
examination of the rock source and proper sampling are
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
essential in minimizing this limitation.
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.2.2 Second, the test requires the rock slabs to be exposed
1.5.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculated
to up to 55 freezing-thawing cycles. The test is time intensive
value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated
and the entire procedure including sample preparation, testing,
value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant
andanalysismayrequireinexcessoftwomonthsifautomated
digits in the specified limits.
freezing-thawing equipment is available and in excess of 5
1.5.2 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
months if the manual method is used. This limitation makes
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
this test most useful as an initial source approval type test and
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
may limit its practical usefulness as a more frequent quality
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
control test during construction.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
1.3 The use of reclaimed concrete and other such materials
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
is beyond the scope of this test method.
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded sepa-
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
ratelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbe
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-
methods for engineering design.
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
may result in non-conformance with the standard.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5312/D5312M − 12 (Reapproved 2013) D5312/D5312M − 21
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under
1
Freezing and Thawing Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5312/D5312M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for evaluating the durability of rock for erosion control by evaluating the performance
of slabs of rock when exposed to freezing and thawing conditions. This weathering test exposes the rock to freezing and thawing
cycles similar to natural weather conditions. The rock slabs, prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, are
intended to be representative of erosion control rock and its weaknesses. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor stone,
riprap, and gabion sized rock materials.
1.2 This test method covers the procedures for evaluating the durability of rock for erosion control when exposed to freezing and
thawing conditions on slabs of rock. This weathering test exposes the rock to freezing and thawing cycles similar to natural weather
conditions. The rock slabs, prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, are intended to be representative of erosion
control rock and its weaknesses. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap, and gabion sized rock materials.
The limitations of the test are twofold. First the size of the cut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal defects
present in the rock structure. The test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in
construction. Careful examination of the rock source and proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation. Secondly the
test requires the rock slabs to be exposed to up to 55 freezing-thawing cycles. The test is time intensive and may require up to two
or more months to complete the sample preparation, testing, and analysis portions of the procedure.
1.2.1 First, the size of the cut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal defects present in the rock structure. The
test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in construction. Careful examination of
the rock source and proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.
1.2.2 Second, the test requires the rock slabs to be exposed to up to 55 freezing-thawing cycles. The test is time intensive and the
entire procedure including sample preparation, testing, and analysis may require in excess of two months if automated
freezing-thawing equipment is available and in excess of 5 months if the manual method is used. This limitation makes this test
most useful as an initial source approval type test and may limit its practical usefulness as a more frequent quality control test
during construction.
1.3 The use of reclaimed concrete and other such materials is beyond the scope of this test method.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of
the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for Erosion
Control.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2013Nov. 1, 2021. Published February 2013November 2021. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20122013
as D5312/D5312M – 12.D5312/D5312M – 12 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D5312_D5312M-12R13.10.1520/D5312_D5312M-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5312/D5312M − 21
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations
are involved.
1.
...
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