ASTM D1986-14

Standard Test Method for Determining the Apparent Viscosity of Polyethylene Wax

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine a physical property of a wax and may determine the utility of the wax, as well as being a significant quality control test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the viscosity of polyethylene wax using small-volume, concentric cylinder, rotational viscometer and a temperature bath at 140°C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The units in parentheses are provided for user convenience and are not standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2014
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: D21 - Polishes
• Drafting Committee: D21.02 - Raw Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1986 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining the Apparent Viscosity of Polyethylene Wax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope centipoises (cP)). (1 cP=1 mPa·s). Its value may vary with the
spindle and rotational speed selected because many waxes are
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the
non-Newtonian.
viscosity of polyethylene wax using small-volume, concentric
cylinder, rotational viscometer and a temperature bath at
4. Significance and Use
140°C.
4.1 This test method is used to determine a physical
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
property of a wax and may determine the utility of the wax, as
standard. The units in parentheses are provided for user
well as being a significant quality control test.
convenience and are not standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3
5.1 Small-volume, Coaxial Rotational Viscometer —The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
essential instrumentation required providing the minimal rota-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tional viscometer analytical capabilities for this method in-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
clude:
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 Drive Motor, to apply an unidirectional rotational
2 displacement to the specimen at a rate of 0.05 to 6.0 rad/s (0.5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to 60 r/min) constant to 61%.
E1970 PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical
5.1.2 Force Sensor, to measure the torque up to 0.6 mN·m
Data
developed by the specimen to the rotational displacement of
the rotational element.
3. Terminology
5.1.3 Coupling Shaft, or other means to transmit the rota-
3.1 Definitions:
tional displacement from the motor to the specimen.
3.1.1 polyethylene wax—polymerized ethylene with a mo-
5.1.4 Rotational Element, Spindle or Tool, to fix the speci-
lecular weight 2,000 to 10,000 g/mol and a density of 0.9 to 1.0
3 men between the drive shaft and a stationary position. A
g/cm . These polymers may be oxidized or copolymerized but
coaxial spindle with the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 is suitable
should have a melt point lower than 140°C.
for this test method.
3.1.2 viscosity—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. The
5.1.5 Data Collection Device, to acquire and display mea-
viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of the
sured or calculated signals from the test. The minimum output
liquid in motion.
signals required for apparent viscosity are torque, rotational
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The unit of viscosity is the pascal
speed, temperature and time.
second (Pa·s). For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant
5.1.6 Stand, to support, level and adjust the height of the
at all shear rates. For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will
drive motor, shaft and rotational element.
vary depending on shear rate.
5.1.7 Auxiliary Instrumentation, useful in conducting this
3.1.3 apparent viscosity—the viscosity determined by this
test method includes:
test method and expressed in millipascal seconds (mPa·s or
5.1.7.1 Data Analysis Capability, to provide viscosity, stress
or other useful parameters derived from measured signals.
5.1.7.2 Level, to indicate the vertical plumb of the drive
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D21 on Polishes
motor and shaft geometry.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.02 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1986-13. DOI:
10.1520/D1986-14.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from most manufacturers of precision laboratory instruments. Many
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM versions have an integral controlled temperature bath and other specified apparatus.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The product literature or sales information usually specifies that the instrument is
the ASTM website. suitable for use in ASTM D1986.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1986 − 14
3
viscosities up to 15 Pa·s at 149°C (300°F). A procedure for
instrumentcalibrationusingstandardreferencefluidsshouldbe
available from the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1986 − 13 D1986 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining the Apparent Viscosity of Polyethylene Wax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method coversdescribes the determination of the viscosity in centipoise of polyethylene wax using the Brookfield
LVT or LVF viscometer and thermosel system.small-volume, concentric cylinder, rotational viscometer and a temperature bath at
140°C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The units in parentheses are provided for user convenience and
are not standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2251E1970 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsPractice for Statistical
Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3
3.1.1 polyethylene wax—polymerized ethylene with a molecular weight 2,000 to 10,000 g/mol and a density of 0.9 to 1.0 g/cm .
These polymers canmay be oxidized or copolymerized but should have a melt point lower than 140°C.
3.1.2 viscosity—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of the liquid
in motion. The units of viscosity is the pascal second. For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all shear rates. For a
non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary depending on shear rate.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.02 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013Sept. 1, 2014. Published October 2013 October 2014. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
D1986-91(2012).D1986-13. DOI: 10.1520/D1986-13.10.1520/D1986-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The unit of viscosity is the pascal second (Pa·s). For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all shear rates. For a
non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary depending on shear rate.
3.1.3 apparent viscosity—the viscosity determined by this test method and expressed in millipascal seconds. seconds (mPa·s or
centipoises (cP)). (1 cP=1 mPa·s). Its value may vary with the spindle and rotational speed selected because many waxes are
non-Newtonian.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is used to determine a physical property of a wax and may determine the utility of the wax, as well as being
a significant quality control test.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D1986 − 14
5. Apparatus
3
5.1 Brookfield Thermosel System, Small-volume, Coaxial Rotational Viscometer —with LVT, LVF, or LVD 111 viscometer and
SC 4-31 spindle.The essential instrumentation required providing the minimal rotational viscometer analytical capabilities for this
method include:
5.1.1 Drive Motor, to apply an unidirectional rotational displacement to the specimen at a rate of 0.05 to 6.0 rad/s (0.5 to 60
r/min) constant to 61 %.
5.1.2 Force Sensor, to measure the torque up to 0.6 mN·m developed by the specimen to the rotational displacement of the
rotational element.
5.1.3 Coupling Shaft, or other means to transmit the rotational displacement from the motor to the specimen.
5.1.4 Rotational Element, Spindle or Tool, to fix the specimen between the drive shaft and a stationary position. A coaxial
spindle with the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 is suitable for this test method.
5.1.5 Data Collection Device, to acquire and display measured or calculated signals from the test. The minimum output signals
required for apparent viscosity are torque, rotational speed, temperature and time.
5.1.6 Stand
...