ASTM D2625-94(1998)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Endurance (Wear) Life and Load-Carrying Capacity of Solid Film Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Method)
Standard Test Method for Endurance (Wear) Life and Load-Carrying Capacity of Solid Film Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Method)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the endurance (wear) life and load-carrying capacity of dry solid film lubricants in sliding steel-on-steel applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where equipment is supplied using inch-pound units and would then be regarded as standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units given in such cases in the body of the standard may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2625 – 94 (Reapproved 1998) An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Endurance (Wear) Life and Load-Carrying Capacity of Solid
Film Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the 3.1 Definition:
endurance (wear) life and load-carrying capacity of dry solid 3.1.1 dry solid film lubricants—dry coatings consisting of
film lubricants in sliding steel-on-steel applications. lubricating powders in a solid matrix bonded to one or both
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the surfaces to be lubricated.
standard except where equipment is supplied using inch-pound 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
units and would then be regarded as standard. The metric 3.2.1 endurance (wear) life—the length of test time before
equivalents of inch-pound units given in such cases in the body failure under a constant loaded condition, in minutes, in which
of the standard may be approximate. the applied test lubricant performs its function.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.2 load carrying capacity—the highest indicated load
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the sustained for a minimum of 1 min.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.3 gage load, n—the value obtained from the gage while
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- running the test after being corrected to the standard curve
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. using the calibration procedure for the 4500-lbf (20 000-N)
reference gage.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The gage reading is irrespective of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
particular gage used, and corrections are made by comparison
B 16 Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar, and to the Brinell ball impression diameters on a standard reference
Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
copper test coupon with a Rockwell hardness range of HB 37
F 22 Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the to HB 39. An electronic calibration instrument is available
Water-Break Test
which can be used in place of the copper coupon.
2.2 U.S. Military Specifications: 3.2.4 direct load, n—the load that is applied linearly,
MIL-P-16232F Phosphate Coatings, Heavy, Manganese or
bisecting the angle of the vee block corrected to either the
Zinc Base (for Ferrous Metals) 800-lbf (3550-N) gage reference or the 3000-lbf (13 300-N)
MIL-L-8937
gage reference.
2.3 Other Standards: 3.2.4.1 Discussion—This load is equivalent to the true load
42USC7671a Clean Air Act Ammendments of 1990 times the cos 42°.
Federal Test Methods 791a, Methods 3807 and 3812.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The endurance test (Procedure A) consists of running
two stationary steel vee block specimens loaded to a predeter-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
mined value against a rotating steel pin specimen. The endur-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.
ance (wear) life is determined when the torque increases by 10
Current edition approved July 15, 1994. Published September 1994. Originally
in·lbf (1.13 N·m).
published as D2625 – 67 T. Last previous edition D2625 – 90.
4.2 The load-carrying capacity test (Procedure B) consists
Reference may be made to Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (CRC) Report
No. 419, “Development of Research Technique for Measuring Wear Life of Bonded of running two stationary steel vee block specimens against a
Solid Lubricant Coatings for Airframes, Using the Falex Tester.” Also to Military
rotating steel pin, increasing the load on the pin until a sharp
Specification MIL-L-8937 (ASG), Jan. 22, 1963, and Methods 3807 and 3812 of
Federal Test Method Standard No. 791a.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.
4 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03. The Falex Pin and Vee Block Test machine available from Falex Corp., 1020
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been found satisfactory for this purpose. A
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. new model of this machine has been available since 1983. Certain operating
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing procedures are different for this new model. Consult instruction manual of machine
Office, Washington, DC 20402. for this information.
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
D 2625
increase (10 in·lbf (1.13 N·m)) in steady-state torque or pin mately 50 % relative humidity. (Not required if parts can be
breakage is experienced. Prior to both tests, the solid film stored in a fume-free room at 50 6 5 % relative humidity.)
lubricant is deposited on the surfaces of the test specimens. 6.3.2 Forced-Circulation Oven, capable of maintaining a
temperature of 149 6 5°C (300 6 10°F).
5. Significance and Use
6.3.3 Micrometer, reading 0 to 25 6 0.0025 mm (0 to 1 6
5.1 This test method differentiates between bonded solid
0.0001 in.), with a one-ball anvil.
lubricants with respect to their wear life and load-carrying
6.3.4 Vapor Degreasing Bath.
capacity. If the test conditions are changed, wear life may
7. Reagents and Materials
change and relative ratings of the bonded solid film lubricants
7.1 Required for Procedures A and B:
may be different.
7.1.1 Eight Standard Vee Blocks, 96 6 1° angle, heat
9 9
6. Apparatus treated to 1.24 3 10 to 1.38 3 10 Pa (180 000 to 200 000 psi)
tensile strength; or standard coined vee blocks, 966 1° angle,
6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine, illustrated in
of AISI C-1137 steel as an alternative, with a Rockwell
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
−7
hardness of HRC 20 to 24 and surface finish of 1.3 3 10 to
6.1.1 Load Gage, 4500-lbf (20 000-N) range, or 3000-lbf
−7
2.5 3 10 m (5 to 10 μin.), rms.
(13 300-N) direct-reading gage. An 800-lbf (3550-N) direct-
7.1.2 Four Standard Test Pins, 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) outside
reading load gage may be used for Procedure A, but does not
diameter by 31.75 mm (1 ⁄4 in.) long, heat treated to 1.24 3 10
have a high enough load range for Procedure B.
to 1.38 3 10 Pa (180 000 to 200 000 psi) ultimate hardness; or
NOTE 1—Primary figures for loads are shown for the 4500-lbf (20 000-
Standard No. 8 Pins of AISI 3135 steel as an alternative, with
N) gage. Equivalent readings on either 800 or 3000-lbf (3550 or
a hardness of HRB 87 to 91, on a ground, flat surface (or
13 300-N) direct-reading gages are shown in parentheses and can be
approximately HRB 80 to 83 on the round), and a surface finish
obtained from the curve in Fig. 3.
−7 −7
of 1.3 3 10 to 2.5 3 10 m (5 to 10 μin.) rms.
6.1.2 Optional—An automatic cutoff, torque recorder, and
7.1.3 Locking (Shear) Pin, ⁄2 H Brass, conforming to
timer may be used in place of the standard indicating torque
Specification B 16.
gage.
7.2 Required for Application of Dry Solid Film Lubricant-
6.2 Required for Calibration of Load Gage:
(see Annex A1):
6.2.1 Standardized Test Coupon, soft, annealed copper HB
7.2.1 Phosphate Coating, manganese, conforming to Mili-
37/39.
tary Specification MIL-P-16232F, Type M, Class 3 controlled
6.2.2 Allen Screw, with attached 10-mm Brinell ball.
to a coating weight of 16 to 22 g/m .
6.2.3 Back-up Plug.
NOTE 2—Lack of rigid control of the phosphate coating weight can
6.2.4 Brinell Microscope, or equivalent.
significantly impact the data scatter. A film controlled to the minimum
6.2.5 Rule, steel, 150 mm (6 in.) long.
range is preferred over the uncontrolled standard heavy phosphate
6.2.6 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.
originally called out.
6.3 Required for Application of Dry Solid Film Lubricants-
7.2.2 Cleaners—Select a cleaning media and method which
(see Annex A1):
is safe, non-film forming and which does not in any way attack
6.3.1 Desiccator, for storing test parts. The bottom of the
or etch the surface chemically. In addition, no Class 1 ozone
desiccator shall be filled with desiccant to maintain approxi-
depleting substances conforming to Section 602(a) of the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1990 (42USC7671a) as identified in
8 6
Available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.
Section 326 of PL 102-484 should be used. Use a procedure as
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
D 2625
FIG. 1 Digital Pin and Vee Block Test Machine (continued)
FIG. 2 Exploded View of Vee Blocks and Journal Arrangement,
Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
outlined in Test Method F 22 to judge the merit of the selected
cleaning technique.
NOTE 3—A typical solvent found acceptable for this purpose is Stod-
dard solvent.
7.2.2.1 No method of cleaning can be judged as acceptable
unless there is a valid method of judging the success or failure
of the cleaning method. Test Method F 22 is a simple proce-
dure that can be used on the actual test apparatus or on test
coupons to judge each cleaning method’s viability.
7.2.3 Aluminum Oxide, white angular abrasive, 180 grit to
220 grit.
FIG. 3 Standard Curves for Load Gage Calibration or Conversion,
Brinell Impression Diameter versus Gage Load Reading, Using
8. Preparation of Apparatus
Standard Copper Test Coupon of HB 37/39.
8.1 Thoroughly clean the jaw supports for the vee blocks
9.1.2 Insert the special Allen screw with the attached 10-mm
and test journals, by washing with the solvent selected from
Brinell ball into the working face of the left jaw. Adjust so that
7.2.2, of all debris or oil from previous test runs. See Note 3.
the ball projects about 4 mm ( ⁄32in.) from face of the jaw.
8.2 Avoid contact with the fingers of the mating surfaces of
9.1.3 Insert the back-up plug in the counterbore of the
the vee blocks and test pins.
right-hand jaw. Adjust so that the plug projects about 0.8 mm
8.3 Avoid atmospheric contamination such as cigarette
( ⁄32 in.) from the face.
smoke, as this can adversely affect the test results.
9.1.4 Support the standard test coupon so that the upper
9. Calibration of Load Gage
edge of the coupon is about 2.5 mm ( ⁄32in.) below the upper
9.1 Calibration Procedure with 4500-lbf (20 000-N) Load surface of the jaws. Place a steel rule across the face of the
Gage: jaws. Adjust the Allen screw with the attached 10-mm ball until
9.1.1 Remove the Allen set screw and 12.70-mm ( ⁄2-in.) the face of the jaws are parallel to the steel rule with the test
ball from the left jaw socket (Fig. 4). coupon in position for indentation.
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
D 2625
(1330, 3100, 4880, and 7550 N) on the 3000-lbf (13 300-N)
gage. Plot the impression readings versus gage load readings,
as in 9.1.9, with similar adjustments to the load in order to
produce indentation diameter that corresponds to the indenta-
tion diameter on the standard curve.
10. Procedure A
10.1 Insert the solid film coated vee blocks in the recesses of
the load jaws.
10.2 Mount the solid film coated pin in the test shaft and
insert a new brass shear pin as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
10.3 Swing the arms inward so that the vee blocks contact
the test pin in such a way that the vee grooves are aligned with
the pin’s major axis as shown in Fig. 2. Check this alignment
visually. Place the automatic loading mechanism with attached
load gage on the load arms and turn the ratched wheel by hand
until the test parts are securely seated, indicated by a slight
FIG. 4 Schematic Drawing of Calibration Accessories for Falex
upward movement of the load gage needle. At this point the
Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
torque gage should read zero or be adjusted to read zero.
10.4 Start the motor and engage the automatic loading
9.1.5 With the test coupon in position for the first impres-
ratchet until a gage load of 300 lbf (1330 N) is reached
sion, place the load gage assembly on the lever arms.
(approximately 265 lbf (1170 N) on the direct-reading gage).
9.1.6 Place the loading arm on the ratchet wheel and actuate
Remove the load applying arm and continue running (at 290 6
the motor. Allow the motor to run until the load gage indicates
10 r/min) for 3 min, then increase the load to 500 lbf (2220 N)
a load of 300 lbf (1330 N). A slight takeup on the ratchet wheel
(approximately 410 lbf (1820 N) on the direct-reading gage)
is required to hold the load due to the ball sinking into the test
using the load applying arm, and run for 1 min.
coupon. After the 300-lbf (1330-N) load is obtained, hold for 1
10.5 Increase load to 750 lbf (3330 N) (590 lbf (2620 N) on
min for the indentation to form.
the direct-reading gage) and run for 1 min. Then increase the
9.1.7 Turn off the machine and back off the load until the
load to 1000 lbf (4450 N) (765 lbf (3400 N) on the direct-
test coupon is free of the jaws. Advance the test coupon
reading gage). Maintain this load and measure the time until
approximately 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.) (additional indentations should
failure. Load should be maintained by taking up on the rachet
be separated by a minimum distance of 2.5 3 the diameter of
wheel as necessary. The total time until failure shall not include
the initial indentation). Check the alignment of the jaws, and
the 3-min run-in.
repeat the procedure described in 9.1.6 at gage loads of 750,
10.6 Failure is indicated by a torque rise of 10 in.·lbf (1.13
1000, and 1500 lbf (3300, 4450, and 6650 N).
N·m) above the steady-state value, or breakage of the shear pin.
9.1.8 Remove the load gage assembly and test coupon and
The test shall be continued until one of the above failure
measure the diameter of each indentation
...
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