ASTM C1352-96(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexural Modulus of Elasticity of Dimension Stone
Standard Test Method for Flexural Modulus of Elasticity of Dimension Stone
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful for providing engineering values for stress and deflection analysis of stone panels. It is also useful in indicating the differences in flexural modulus of elasticity between various dimension stones and stones of the same type in different loading directions (parallel and perpendicular to rift or bedding planes).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural modulus of elasticity of stone by using a simple beam with quarter-point loading.
1.2 Stone tests may be made with load applied perpendicular to the bedding plane or rift and with load applied parallel to the bedding plane or rift.
1.3 Stone tests may be made for wet and dry specimen conditions.
1.4 The specifier of the test shall determine which conditions shall be used.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 1352 – 96 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Flexural Modulus of Elasticity of Dimension Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1352; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope elasticity between various dimension stones and stones of the
same type in different loading directions (parallel and perpen-
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
dicular to rift or bedding planes).
the flexural modulus of elasticity of stone by using a simple
beam with quarter-point loading.
5. Apparatus
1.2 Stone tests may be made with load applied perpendicu-
5.1 Testing Machine (seeFig.1),conformingtotherequire-
lar to the bedding plane or rift and with load applied parallel to
ments of the applicable sections of PracticesE4. The quarter-
the bedding plane or rift.
point loading method shall be used in making flexure tests of
1.3 Stone tests may be made for wet and dry specimen
stone employing bearing blocks that will ensure that forces
conditions.
applied to the beam will be vertical only and applied without
1.4 The specifier of the test shall determine which condi-
eccentricity. The apparatus should be capable of maintaining
tions shall be used.
the span length and distances between load-applying blocks
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
andsupportblocksconstantwithin 61.3mm(60.05in.).The
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
load should be capable of being applied at a uniform rate and
only.
in such a manner as to avoid shock.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 Deflection Gages, capable of reading to 0.002 mm
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(0.0001 in.) shall be used to measure mid-span deflections at
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the two free edges and support deflections at each end.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Test Specimens
2. Referenced Documents 6.1 The test specimens shall measure 100 mm (4 in.) wide
by 32 mm (1.25 in.) thick by 380 mm (15 in.) long with a span
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as tested of 320 mm (12.5 in.).The sides of the specimens shall
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
be at right angles with the top and bottom.The specimens shall
C 880 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Dimension
have a fine abrasive finish on the planes perpendicular to the
Stone
load and a fine saw finish on the other four planes. The
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
dimensions of the specimen shall be measured and recorded to
3. Terminology the nearest 0.2 mm (0.01 in.). A minimum of five specimens
shall be tested for each condition of test. The average value
3.1 Definition—For definitions of terms used in this test
calculated from plots of the test results is reported as the
method, refer to TerminologyC119.
flexural modulus of elasticity for that condition.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.2 Where the job thickness has been set (the thickness of
3.2.1 modulus of elasticity, n—stress per unit strain, also
the stone panels for the project has been established), it is often
known as Young’s Modulus.
requested to perform flexural modulus of elasticity tests at the
4. Significance and Use job thickness. The following shall govern the specimen size
where it is requested to test at the job thickness, and the job
4.1 This test method is useful for providing engineering
thickness is other than 32 mm (1.25 in.). The span as tested
values for stress and deflection analysis of stone panels. It is
shall be ten times the thickness. The specimen lengths shall be
also useful in indicating the differences in flexural modulus of
not less than 50 mm (2 in.) and not more than 100 mm (4 in.)
greater than the span as tested.Where the thickness is less than
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on
70 mm (2.67 in.), the width of the specimen shall be 100 mm
Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test
(4in.).Wherethethicknessisgreaterthan70mm(2.67in.)the
Methods.
width shall be 1.5 times the thickness. Where the thickness is
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 1352-96(2002).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1352 – 96 (2008)
FIG. 1 Diagrammatic View of a Suitable Apparatus for Flexural Modulus of Elasticity of Stone Test
other than 32 mm (1.25 in.) and the specimen size is in them immediately upon removal from the bath, wiping the
accordance with the job thickness criteria noted in the forego- specimens free of surface water.
ing,theaveragevalueofthetestresultsforeachconditionshall
be reported as the flexural modulus of elasticity of the stone at
8. Procedure
the job thickness for that condition. All other requirements
8.1 Assemble the apparatus, place the specimen on the span
shall be in accordance with 6.1.
supports, and adjust the quarter-point loading blocks into
6.3 Where the job surface finish has been set (the architec-
contact with the specimens.
tural finish on the panels for the project has been established),
8.2 Preload the specimen twice to a maximum load corre-
it is often requested to perform flexural modulus of elasticity
sponding to 50 % of the anticipated ultimate strength and then
tests on specimens with the finish the same as on the job. The
back to zero (Note 1). Increase the load at a rate that
following shall govern when it is requ
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