ASTM E2029-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Volumetric and Mass Flow Rate Measurement in a Duct Using Tracer Gas Dilution
Standard Test Method for Volumetric and Mass Flow Rate Measurement in a Duct Using Tracer Gas Dilution
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The method presented here is a field method that may be used to determine mass and volume flow rates in ducts where flow conditions may be irregular and nonuniform. The gas flowing in the duct is considered to be an ideal gas. The method may be especially useful in those locations where conventional pitot tube or thermal anemometer velocity measurements are difficult or inappropriate due either to very low average flow velocity or the lack of a suitable run of duct upstream and downstream of the measurement location.
This test method can produce the volumetric flow rate at standard conditions without the need to determine gas stream composition, temperature, and water vapor content.
This test method is useful for determining mass or volumetric flow rates in HVAC ducts, fume hoods, vent stacks, and mine tunnels, as well as in performing model studies of pollution control devices.
This test method is based on first principles (conservation of mass) and does not require engineering assumptions.
This test method does not require the measurement of the area of the duct or stack.
The test method does not require flow straightening.
The test method is independent of flow conditions, such as angle, swirl, turbulence, reversals, and hence, does not require flow straightening.
The dry volumetric airflow can be determined by drying the air samples without measuring the water vapor concentration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the volumetric and mass flow rate of a gas stream within a duct, stack, pipe, mine tunnel, or flue using a tracer gas dilution technique. For editorial convenience all references in the text will be to a duct, but it should be understood that this could refer equally well to a stack, pipe, mine tunnel, or flue. This test method is limited to those applications where the gas stream and the tracer gas can be treated as ideal gases at the conditions of the measurement. In this test method, the gas stream will be referred as air, though it could be any another gas that exhibits ideal gas law behavior.
1.2 This test method is not restricted to any particular tracer gas although experimental experience has shown that certain gases are used more readily than others as suitable tracer gases. It is preferable that the tracer gas not be a natural component of the gas stream.
1.3 Use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of gas analysis and instrumentation. Correct use of the formulas presented here requires consistent use of units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
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Designation: E2029 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Volumetric and Mass Flow Rate Measurement in a Duct
1
Using Tracer Gas Dilution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2029; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope 2.2 ANSI/ASME Standards:
ANSI/ASMETC19.1–1985(1994) Measurement Uncer-
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the
tainty: Instrument Apparatus
volumetric and mass flow rate of a gas stream within a duct,
stack, pipe, mine tunnel, or flue using a tracer gas dilution
3. Terminology
technique. For editorial convenience all references in the text
3.1 Definitions:
will be to a duct, but it should be understood that this could
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building
referequallywelltoastack,pipe,minetunnel,orflue.Thistest
method is limited to those applications where the gas stream construction used in this test method, refer to Terminology
E631.
andthetracergascanbetreatedasidealgasesattheconditions
of the measurement. In this test method, the gas stream will be 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
referred as air, though it could be any another gas that exhibits 3.2.1 ideal gas, n—a gas or gas mixture for which the ratio
ideal gas law behavior. of the pressure divided by product of the density and tempera-
ture is a constant.
1.2 Thistestmethodisnotrestrictedtoanyparticulartracer
3.2.2 mass flow, n—the total mass of air passing the sam-
gas although experimental experience has shown that certain
pling point per unit time (kg/s, lb/min).
gasesareusedmorereadilythanothersassuitabletracergases.
It is preferable that the tracer gas not be a natural component
3.2.3 tracer gas, n—a gas that can be mixed with air and
of the gas stream.
measured in very low concentrations.
1.3 Use of this test method requires a knowledge of the 3.2.4 tracer gas analyzer, n—a device that measures the
principles of gas analysis and instrumentation. Correct use of concentration of tracer gas in an air sample.
the formulas presented here requires consistent use of units.
3.2.5 tracer gas mass concentration, n—the ratio of the
mass of tracer gas in air to the total mass of the air-tracer
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mixture. For an ideal gas, the mass concentration is indepen-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dent of temperature and pressure.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
3.2.6 tracer gas molar concentration, n—the ratio of the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Forspecific
number of moles of tracer gas in air to the total number of
precautionary statements, see Section 7.
moles of the air-tracer mixture.
3.2.7 tracer gas volume concentration, n—the ratio of the
2. Referenced Documents
volume of tracer gas in air to the total volume of the air-tracer
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mixture. For an ideal gas, the volume concentration is inde-
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
pendent of temperature and pressure and is equal to the molar
concentration.
3.2.8 volumetric flow, n—the total volume of air passing the
3 3
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on sampling point per unit time (m /s, ft /min).
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41
3.3 Symbols:
on Air Leakage and Ventilation Performance.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2029–99(2004).
DOI: 10.1520/E2029-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2029 − 11
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5. Significance and Use
C = mass concentration of tracer gas (ppb-mass, ppm-
mass, ppt-mass)
5.1 Themethodpresentedhereisafieldmethodthatmaybe
4
C = upstreammassconcentration oftracergas(ppb-mass,
U
used to determine mass and volume flow rates in ducts where
ppm-mass, ppt-mass)
flow conditions may be irregular and nonuniform. The gas
4
C = downstream mass concentration of tracer gas (ppb-
D
flowingintheductisconsideredtob
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2029–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: E2029 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Volumetric and Mass Flow Rate Measurement in a Duct
1
Using Tracer Gas Dilution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2029; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesthemeasurementofthevolumetricandmassflowrateofagasstreamwithinaduct,stack,pipe,
mine tunnel, or flue using a tracer gas dilution technique. For editorial convenience all references in the text will be to a duct, but
it should be understood that this could refer equally well to a stack, pipe, mine tunnel, or flue.This test method is limited to those
applicationswherethegasstreamandthetracergascanbetreatedasidealgasesattheconditionsofthemeasurement.Inthistest
method, the gas stream will be referred as air, though it could be any another gas that exhibits ideal gas law behavior.
1.2 Thistestmethodisnotrestrictedtoanyparticulartracergasalthoughexperimentalexperiencehasshownthatcertaingases
are used more readily than others as suitable tracer gases. It is preferable that the tracer gas not be a natural component of the gas
stream.
1.3 Use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of gas analysis and instrumentation. Correct use of the
formulas presented here requires consistent use of units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3154Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method)
D3464Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct Using a Thermal Anemometer
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
3
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:ANSI/ASME Standards:
ANSI/ASMETC 19.1–1985(1994)Measurement Uncertainty: Instrument Apparatus
ANSI/ASMETC19.1–1985(1994) Measurement Uncertainty: Instrument Apparatus
3. Terminology
3.1
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this test method, refer to Terminology E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1
3.2.1 ideal gas, n—a gas or gas mixture for which the ratio of the pressure divided by product of the density and temperature
is a constant.
3.1.2
3.2.2 mass flow, n—the total mass of air passing the sampling point per unit time (kg/s, lb/min).
3.1.3
3.2.3 tracer gas, n—a gas that can be mixed with air and measured in very low concentrations.
3.1.4
3.2.4 tracer gas analyzer, n—a device that measures the concentration of tracer gas in an air sample.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE06onPerformanceofBuildingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE06.41onAirLeakage
and Ventilation Performance.
Current edition approved Oct.Sept. 1, 2004.2011. Published October 2004.2011. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as
E2029–99(2004). DOI: 10.1520/E2029-99R04.10.1520/E2029-11.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E2029 – 11
3.1.5
3.2.5 tracer gas mass concentration, n—the ratio of the mass of tracer gas in air to the total mass of the air-tracer mixture. For
an ideal gas, the mass concentration is independent of temperature and pressure.
3.1.6
3.2.6 tracer gas molar concentration, n—the ratio of the number of moles of tracer gas in air to the total number of moles of
the air-tracer mixture.
3.1.7
3.2.7 tracer gas volume concentration, n—the ratio of the volume of tracer gas in air to the total volume of the air-tracer
mixture. For an ideal gas, the volume concentration is independent of temperature and pressure and is equal to the
...
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