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ASTM D4441-15

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Aqueous Dispersions of Polytetrafluoroethylene

Standard Specification for Aqueous Dispersions of Polytetrafluoroethylene

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the properties and test methods for aqueous dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resins, and is used to determine if a shipment, lot, or container of PTFE dispersions is suitable for its intended use. These resins are homopolymers of tetrafluoroethylene, or in some cases modified homopolymers containing not more than 1% by weight of other fluoromonomers, and the dispersions are usually stabilized by one or more surfactants. Other non-PTFE materials may be present in total at 5% or less by weight for special purposes. This specification is for virgin materials only, and does not cover PTFE copolymers or filled dispersions, and recycled materials as they are not appropriate for dispersions. Materials shall be appropriately sampled for testing on the following: pH value; solid and surfactant content by gravimetric weight loss; solid content by hydrometer; test for coagulated polymer; specific gravity; and melting characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aqueous dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resins. These resins are homopolymers of tetrafluoroethylene, or in some cases modified homopolymers containing not more than 1 % by weight of other fluoromonomers.  
1.1.1 The dispersion is usually stabilized by one or more surfactants. Other non-PTFE materials may be present in total at 5 % or less by weight for special purposes.  
1.1.2 This specification is for virgin material only and does not address recycled material as it is not appropriate for dispersions.  
1.2 This specification is used to determine if a shipment, lot, or container of PTFE dispersion is suitable for its intended use. It covers only aqueous dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene. It does not cover PTFE copolymers or filled dispersions. This specification includes test methods for both aqueous dispersion and the PTFE in the dispersion.  
Note 1: Uses for the PTFE dispersion covered by this specification include, but are not limited to, casting of their films, impregnation of mechanical packings and other materials, surface coatings on various substrates, combined impregnation and coating of fibrous materials, and co-coagulation with other materials for subsequent processing into films, sheets, rods, and tubes.
Note 2: Information in this specification is technically equivalent to related information in ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI-10 are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Notes 5 and 6.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2015
ICS
83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.15 - Thermoplastic Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4441-04(2010) - Standard Specification for Aqueous Dispersions of Polytetrafluoroethylene
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4894-19 - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Granular Molding and Ram Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4969-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene–(PTFE) Coated Glass Fabric
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4895-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin Produced From Dispersion
Effective Date
01-May-2015

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REDLINE ASTM D4441-15 - Standard Specification for Aqueous Dispersions of PolytetrafluoroethyleneREDLINE ASTM D4441-15 - Standard Specification for Aqueous Dispersions of Polytetrafluoroethylene
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4441 −15
Standard Specification for
1
Aqueous Dispersions of Polytetrafluoroethylene
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers aqueous dispersions of poly- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resins. These resins are homopoly- D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
mers of tetrafluoroethylene, or in some cases modified ho- D3892Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
mopolymers containing not more than 1% by weight of other D4464Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Cata-
fluoromonomers. lytic Materials by Laser Light Scattering
1.1.1 The dispersion is usually stabilized by one or more D4591Test Method for Determining Temperatures and
surfactants. Other non-PTFE materials may be present in total Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential
at 5% or less by weight for special purposes. Scanning Calorimetry
1.1.2 This specification is for virgin material only and does D4894 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
3
not address recycled material as it is not appropriate for Granular Molding and Ram Extrusion Materials
dispersions. D4895 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
3
Resin Produced From Dispersion
1.2 Thisspecificationisusedtodetermineifashipment,lot,
E70Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
orcontainerofPTFEdispersionissuitableforitsintendeduse.
Glass Electrode
It covers only aqueous dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene.
IEEE/ASTM SI-10Use of the International System of Units
It does not cover PTFE copolymers or filled dispersions. This
(SI): The Modern Metric System
specificationincludestestmethodsforbothaqueousdispersion
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
and the PTFE in the dispersion.
ISO 12086-1Plastics Fluoropolymer Dispersions and Mold-
NOTE 1—Uses for the PTFE dispersion covered by this specification
ing and Extrusion Materials—Part 1: Designation and
include, but are not limited to, casting of their films, impregnation of
Specification
mechanical packings and other materials, surface coatings on various
ISO12086-2 PlasticsFluoropolymerDispersionsandMold-
substrates, combined impregnation and coating of fibrous materials, and
ing and Extrusion Materials—Part 2: Preparation of Test
co-coagulation with other materials for subsequent processing into films,
sheets, rods, and tubes.
Specimens and Determination of Properties
NOTE 2—Information in this specification is technically equivalent to
related information in ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2. 3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTM
3.1 Definitions:
SI-10 are to be regarded as standard. The values given in 3.1.1 General—The terminology given in Terminology
parentheses are for information only.
D883 is applicable to this specification.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
test method portions of this specification. This standard does
3.2.1 dispersion, n—atwophasesystemofwhichonephase
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, consists of finely divided particles distributed throughout a
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
bulk substance, the particles being the disperse phase and the
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices bulk phase being the continuous phase.
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
3.2.2 dispersion particle size—a particle size measured in
to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Notes 5
the presence of added surfactant.
and 6.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic the ASTM website.
3
Materials(Section D20.15.12). Specifications for other forms of polytetrafluoroethylene may be found in
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally Specifications D4894 and D4895.
4
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4441-04(2010). Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/D4441-15. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Bar
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4441 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) D4441 − 15
Standard Specification for
1
Aqueous Dispersions of Polytetrafluoroethylene
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers aqueous dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resins. These resins are homopolymers of
tetrafluoroethylene, or in some cases modified homopolymers containing not more than 1 % by weight of other fluoromonomers.
1.1.1 The dispersion is usually stabilized by one or more surfactants. Other non-PTFE materials may be present in total at 5 %
or less by weight for special purposes.
1.1.2 This specification is for virgin material only and does not address recycled material as it is not appropriate for dispersions.
1.2 This specification is used to determine if a shipment, lot, or container of PTFE dispersion is suitable for its intended use.
It covers only aqueous dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene. It does not cover PTFE copolymers or filled dispersions. This
specification includes test methods for both aqueous dispersion and the PTFE in the dispersion.
NOTE 1—Uses for the PTFE dispersion covered by this specification include, but are not limited to, casting of their films, impregnation of mechanical
packings and other materials, surface coatings on various substrates, combined impregnation and coating of fibrous materials, and co-coagulation with
other materials for subsequent processing into films, sheets, rods, and tubes.
NOTE 2—Information in this specification is technically equivalent to related information in ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2.
1.3 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI-10 are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification. This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific
precautionary information is given in Notes 5 and 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
D4464 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalytic Materials by Laser Light Scattering
D4591 Test Method for Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning
Calorimetry
3
D4894 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Granular Molding and Ram Extrusion Materials
3
D4895 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin Produced From Dispersion
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 12086-1 Plastics Fluoropolymer Dispersions and Molding and Extrusion Materials—Part 1: Designation and Specification
ISO 12086-2 Plastics Fluoropolymer Dispersions and Molding and Extrusion Materials—Part 2: Preparation of Test Specimens
and Determination of Properties
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic
Materials(Section D20.15.12).
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010May 1, 2015. Published January 2010June 2015. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D4441 - 04.D4441 - 04(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D4441-04R10.10.1520/D4441-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Specifications for other forms of polytetrafluoroethylene may be found in Specifications D4894 and D4895.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United S
...

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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3030-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Including Water) of Vinyl Chloride Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quantity of volatile components in a vinyl chloride resin can be established by this test method. This test method does not identify the components.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the volatile matter (including water) present in vinyl chloride resins.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is identical ISO 1269.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3275-18(2023)(Classification)
Standard Classification System for E-CTFE-Fluoroplastic Molding, Extrusion, and Coating Materials

ABSTRACT
This classification system covers melt processible molding, extrusion, and coating materials of ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (E-CTFE) fluoroplastics. The resin is a copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. The classification of ECTFE materials into groups in accordance with their physical appearance, and further into classes based on melt flow rate, is provided. The test specimens shall be subjected to tests to determine their melt flow rate, melting endotherm peak, specific gravity, tensile property, dielectric constant and dissipation factor, and oxygen index.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers melt processible molding, extrusion, and coating materials of ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (E-CTFE) fluoroplastics. The resin is a copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene containing approximately 80 weight % of chlorotrifluoroethylene.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units, as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI-10, are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11 of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Although this classification system and ISO 20568-1 and ISO 20568-2 differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4878-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Polyols

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are suitable for research or as quality control or specification tests.  
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity of polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 25°C. Test Method A is a rotational procedure for determining dynamic viscosity. Test Method B is a general procedure for kinematic viscosity of transparent polyols. (See Note 1.)  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other equivalent units are provided because of current common usage.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Test Method A is equivalent to ISO 3219. Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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