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ASTM D6416/D6416M-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-2001
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.09 - Sandwich Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6416/D6416M-99 - Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
Effective Date
10-Mar-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D6416/D6416M-01e1 - Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
Effective Date
10-Mar-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
10-Mar-2001

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ASTM D6416/D6416M-01 - Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed LoadASTM D6416/D6416M-01 - Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
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ASTM D6416/D6416M-01 - Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6416/D 6416M – 01
Standard Test Method for
Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported
Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed
1
Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6416/D 6416M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 393 TestMethodforFlexuralPropertiesofFlatSandwich
2
Constructions
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flex-
D 792 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
ural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a
3
tive Density) and Density of Plastics by Displacement
distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square
D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the
4
Resins
distributedloadprovidedbyawater-filledbladder.Thistypeof
D 2734 Test Method for Void Content of Reinforced Plas-
loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C 393,
4
tics
where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple
D 3171 Test Method for Constituent Content of Composite
bending in beam specimens.
2
Materials
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of
D 3878 Terminology for High-Modulus Reinforcing Fibers
thesandwichtypewhichinvolvearelativelythicklayerofcore
2
and Their Composites
material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face
5
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typi-
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
cally, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.
5
ing
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E 251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
5
Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
E 1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
5
Gages
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
Sandwich Plate Test Fixture and Hydromat Pressure Blad-
standard.
6
der, ASTM D 6416/D 6416M
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Terminology D 3878 defines terms relating to high-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology C 274
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
defines terms relating to structural sandwich constructions.
2. Referenced Documents TerminologyE6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing.
In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D 3878
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
shall have precedence over the other terminology standards.
C 274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
C 365 Test Methods for Flatwise Compressive Strength of
2
Sandwich Cores
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
5
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
6
Sandwich Construction. Detailed drawings for the fabrication of the 500–mm test fixture and pressure
Current edition approved March 10, 2001. Published May 2001. bladder shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are available from ASTM Headquarters. Order
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03. Adjunct No. ADJD6416.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6416/D 6416M – 01
3.2.1 bending stiffness, n—the sandwich property which moving the platens of the test frame. The test measures the
resists bending deflections. two-dimensional flexural response of a sandwich composite
3.2.2 core, n—a centrally located layer of a sandwich plate in terms of deflections and strains when subjected to a
construction, usually low density, which separates and stabi- well-defined distributed load.
lizes the facings and transmits shear between the facings and 4.2 Panel deflection at load is monitored by a cent
...

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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
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1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
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5.1 It is well known that the prepreg impregnation level affects handling characteristics, tack and drape, and final part quality. Resin impregnation level is the dominant factor in the ability of removing air and volatiles from the layup during processing. Partially impregnated prepreg materials can in some applications provide higher quality, lower void content composite parts, and are becoming increasingly more common due to the desire to cure out-of-autoclave, using vacuum bag-only processes. This test can identify small changes in the material impregnation level which can assist in definition of production processes or shipping and handling procedures. The value of permeability can be used for specifying ranges as acceptance requirements for prepreg materials, thus enabling the prepreg manufacturer and user greater confidence in the ability to produce repeatable and high quality parts. This test directly determines the actual air flow propensity of the material tested without any applied compaction pressure during testing.  
5.2 Factors that influence the permeability of the tested prepreg material shall be reported including: prepreg material, orientation, location on roll, width, length, thickness, and actual atmospheric pressure.
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1.1 This test method determines the in-plane permeability of composite prepreg (pre-impregnated) materials as a measure of level of impregnation. Permissible prepreg materials include those reinforced with carbon, glass, aramid, thermoplastic and other fibers impregnated with a thermoset or thermoplastic matrix resin, creating a single ply sheet material. The reinforcements may be unidirectional or woven fabrics.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
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ASTM D5961/D5961M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen (Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing response test method.  
1.3 The multi-fastener test configurations described in this test method are similar to those used by industry to investigate the bypass portion of the bearing bypass interaction response for bolted joints, where the specimen may produce either a bearing failure mode or a bypass failure mode. Note that the scope of this test method is limited to bearing and fastener failure modes. Use Test Method D7248/D7248M for by-pass testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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ASTM D7766/D7766M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 Sandwich damage resistance testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of facing geometry, facing stacking sequence, facing-to-core interface, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness, core thickness, etc.), core density, core strength, processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular sandwich panel to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force, drop-weight impact force, or impact energy.  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.  
5.2.3 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D8287/D8287M and Practice D8388/D8388M.  
5.2.4 Quasi-static indentation tests can also be used to identify a specific sequence of damage events (only the final damage state is identifiable after a drop-weight impact test).  
5.3 The properties obtained using these practices can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of sandwich structures with similar materials, geometry, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a sandwich structu...
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1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying laminate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test methods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).  
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidlybacked and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Procedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage tolerance testing in accordance with Test Method D8287/D8287M (compressive loading) and Practice D8388/D8388M (flexural loading).  
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not ...

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