ASTM E2610-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Duo-Trio Test
Standard Test Method for Sensory Analysis<span class='unicode'>—</span>Duo-Trio Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method is effective for the following test objectives:
To determine whether a perceivable difference results or a perceivable difference does not result, for example, when a change is made in ingredients, processing, packaging, handling or storage; or
To select, train and monitor assessors.
The test method itself does not change whether the purpose of the duo-trio test is to determine that two products are perceivably different versus that the products are not perceivably different. Only the selected values of pd, α, and β change. If the objective of the test is to determine if there is a perceivable difference between two products, then the value selected for α is typically smaller than the value selected for β. If the objective is to determine if the two products are sufficiently similar to be used interchangeably, then the value selected for β is typically smaller than the value selected for α and the value of pd is selected to define “sufficiently similar.”
The test method may change based on the test objective or the assessors’ familiarity with the product. The balanced-reference technique (see 9.1.1) typically is used when neither product is more familiar than the other. The constant-reference technique (see 9.1.2) frequently is used when one product is a control/current product or is familiar to the assessors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether a perceptible sensory difference exists between samples of two products.
1.2 This test method applies whether a difference may exist in a single sensory attribute or in several.
1.3 This test method is applicable when the nature of the difference between the samples is unknown. It does not determine the size or the direction of the difference. The attribute(s) responsible for the difference are not identified.
1.4 Compared to the triangle test, the duo-trio test is statistically less efficient, but easier to perform by the assessors. For details on how the duo-trio test compares to other three-sample tests, see Refs (1-4).
1.5 This test method is applicable only if the products are homogeneous. If two samples of the same product can often be distinguished, then another method, for example, descriptive analysis, may be more appropriate.
1.6 This test method is applicable only when the products do not cause excessive sensory fatigue, carryover or adaptation.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E2610 – 08
Standard Test Method for
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Sensory Analysis—Duo-Trio Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1885 Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Triangle Test
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2.2 ISO Standards:
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
ISO 4120 Sensory Analysis—Methodology—Triangle Test
whether a perceptible sensory difference exists between
ISO 10399 Sensory Analysis—Methodology—Duo-Trio
samples of two products.
Test
1.2 This test method applies whether a difference may exist
in a single sensory attribute or in several.
3. Terminology
1.3 This test method is applicable when the nature of the
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms relating to sensory
difference between the samples is unknown. It does not
analysis, see Terminology E253, and for terms relating to
determine the size or the direction of the difference. The
statistics, see Terminology E456.
attribute(s) responsible for the difference are not identified.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 Compared to the triangle test, the duo-trio test is
3.2.1 a (alpha) risk—probability of concluding that a per-
statistically less efficient, but easier to perform by the asses-
ceptible difference exists when, in reality, one does not. (Also
sors. For details on how the duo-trio test compares to other
2 known as Type I Error or significance level.)
three-sample tests, see Refs (1-4).
3.2.2 b (beta) risk—probability of concluding that no per-
1.5 This test method is applicable only if the products are
ceptible difference exists when, in reality, one does. (Also
homogeneous. If two samples of the same product can often be
known as Type II Error.)
distinguished, then another method, for example, descriptive
3.2.3 p —probability of a correct response.
c
analysis, may be more appropriate.
3.2.4 p (proportion of discriminators)—proportion of the
d
1.6 This test method is applicable only when the products
population represented by the assessors that can distinguish
do not cause excessive sensory fatigue, carryover or adapta-
between the two products.
tion.
3.2.5 product—material to be evaluated.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.6 sample—unit of product prepared, presented, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
evaluated in the test.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.7 sensitivity—general term used to summarize the per-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
formance characteristics of the test. The sensitivity of the test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is rigorously defined, in statistical terms, by the values selected
2. Referenced Documents for a, b, and p .
d
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3.2.8 triad—three samples given to an assessor in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
duo-trio test; one sample is labeled as a reference the other two
E253 Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Ma-
samples are labeled with different codes. One of the coded
terials and Products
samples is the same product as the reference. The other coded
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
sample is different.
E1871 Guide for Serving Protocol for Sensory Evaluation
of Foods and Beverages
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Clearly define the test objective in writing.
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4.2 Choose the number of assessors based on the level of
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E18 on Sensory
Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.04 on Fundamen-
sensitivity desired for the test. The sensitivity of the test is, in
tals of Sensory.
part, a function of two competing risks: the risk of declaring
Current edition approved April 15, 2008. Published May 2008. DOI: 10.1520/
the samples different when they are not (that is, a-risk) and the
E2610-08.
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risk of not declaring the samples different when they are (that
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this standard.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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E2610 –
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